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BLaw CH 4
CHapter 4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Administrative Law: | Consists of substantive and procedural rules created by administrative agencies |
Administrative Agency: | Any governmental body of the city, county, state or federal government. |
Administrative Law Judge | Presides over administrative hearing; may attempt to encourage parties to settle, but has power to enter binding decision. |
Enabling Legislation | A statute that specifies the name, functions, and specific powers of an administrative agency. |
Administrative Law Judge | is a person who presides over an administrative agency hearing. ALJs issue binding orders that may be appealed to the federal court system. |
Executive Agency | Generally it is within the executive branch of government, under a “cabinet-level” department; also referred to as “cabinet-level” agency. |
Independent Agency | Governed by board of commissioners appointed by president, with the “advice and consent” of U.S. Senate. |
Hybrid Agency | Characteristics of an executive and independent agency. |
Executive Agencies | FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. • EPA – Environmental Protection Administration. • SSA – Social Security Administration. • FDA – Food and Drug Administration. • SBA – Small Business Administration |
Independent Agencies | CPSC – Consumer Product Safety Commission. • EEOC – Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. • NLRB – National Labor Relations Board. • FTC – Federal Trade Commission. |
Administrative Procedures Act (APA) | • The APA is a federal statute that places limits on how agencies operate and how they may adopt rules. • Under the APA rule making may be formal, informal, or hybrid. |
Stages of Informal Rule Making | • Proposed rule published in Federal Register. • Interested parties can submit written comments in response to proposed rule. • Agency publishes final rule with effective date in Federal Register. |
Administrative Procedures Act (APA) | Interpretive Rules, Policy Statements, Regulated Negotiation |
Interpretive Rules | Rules that do not create any new rights/duties; instead, a detailed statement of agency’s interpretation of existing law, and the steps a party must take to comply with existing law. |
Policy Statements | General statements about directions of agency regarding rule making or enforcement activities; no binding impact; do not directly affect legal rights/responsibilities |
Regulated Negotiation (“Reg-neg”) | Mediated agreement (involving competing interest groups) on agency rule making. |
Limitations on Agency Powers | • Political. • Statutory. • Judicial. • Informational |
Political Limitations on Agency Powers | United States Senate must approve agency heads. United States Congress has power over agency budgets. 11 |
Statutory Limitations on Agency Powers | United States Congress by enacting statutes may: • Create or eliminate agencies. • Amend enabling legislation. • Override agency rules. |
Judicial Limitations on Agency Powers | • Interested parties may challenge administrative rules in court. • Court may review agency’s findings of facts, interpretation of rules, and scope of agency’s power in making rules. |
Informational Limitations on Agency Powers: | Agencies’ responsibilities regarding public access to information governed by: • Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). • Government in Sunshine Act. • Privacy Act of 1974. |
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) | Requires that federal agencies publish in Federal Register places where public can access agency information. • Any individual or business may make a FOIA request. • Information may be obtained regarding how agency acquires and spends its money. |
Government in Sunshine Act | • Requires that agency meetings be open to public if agency headed by collegiate body (that is, two or more persons, with majority appointed by president, upon “advice and |
Privacy Act of 1974 | Federal agency may not disclose information about an individual to other agencies/ organizations without that individual’s written consent. |
Privacy Act of 1974 | Guarantees right to: • See records about oneself. • Amend non-exempt record if inaccurate, irrelevant, untimely, or incomplete. • Sue government for violations of statute. |