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AP LANG VOCAB 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Argument | A process of reasoning and advancing proof about issues on which conflicting views may be held, aimed at persuading or informing an audience. |
| Claim | The main assertion or proposition an argument makes, stating the argument’s position on an issue. |
| Claim of Fact | A statement asserting that something is true or not true, focusing on verifiable, factual matters. |
| Claim of Value | A statement that makes a judgment about the worth, morality, or importance of something, asserting that it is good or bad. |
| Claim of Policy | A statement that proposes a course of action, advocating for change or suggesting a specific plan to address an issue. |
| Evidence | Information or details used to support a claim, which can take many forms, such as facts, statistics, examples, or expert testimony. |
| Anecdotes | Brief stories or personal experiences used as evidence to illustrate a point or support an argument. |
| Analogies | Comparisons between two seemingly different things to highlight similarities and make an argument more understandable or persuasive. |
| Quantitative Evidence | Data, statistics, and numerical information used to support an argument, showing measurable proof. |
| Induction | A reasoning process that moves from specific observations or examples to general conclusions. |
| Deduction | A reasoning process that starts with a general principle and applies it to a specific case to reach a conclusion. |
| Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning that presents two premises (a major and a minor premise) and leads to a logical conclusion. |
| Classical Argument | A traditional structure of argumentation that includes five parts: introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and conclusion. |
| Introduction | The opening of an argument, meant to capture the audience’s attention and present the topic or issue. |
| Narration | The section of a classical argument that provides background information and context for the argument. |
| Confirmation | The part of the classical argument where the writer presents evidence to support the claim, building the case logically and thoroughly. |
| Refutation | The section in which the writer addresses and counters opposing viewpoints or objections to their argument. |
| Conclusion | The final section of an argument, where the writer sums up the case, restates the claim, and often provides a call to action or lasting impression. |
| Rogerian Argument | A method of argumentation that seeks to find common ground and establish mutual understanding between opposing viewpoints. |
| Toulmin Model | A structure for analyzing arguments that breaks them down into six parts: claim, evidence, justification, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. |
Created by:
Peter Whitehead
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