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Sm Animal Quiz 4
Lecture 8: Gastrointestinal Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| constipation | trouble passing stool |
| obstipation | severe constipation |
| dehisence | failure of an incision to heal |
| necrotic/necrosis | tissue that is no longer vital (dead) |
| idiopathic | no definable cause |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| emesis | vomiting (anti-emetic -> anti-vomiting) |
| anorexia | not eating |
| metastasize | cancer which spreads to other areas in the body |
| Foreign Body Obstruction (FBO) | ingestion of foreign material that subsequently becomes lodged in the GI tract; can be FULL or PARTIAL obstruction |
| FBO SYMPTOMS/PE FINDINGS | usually younger animals, VOMITING/DIARRHEA, history of ingestion of foreign objects, anorexia, lethargy, +/- fever or abdominal pain, increase WBCs on CBC, AZOTEMIA secondary to dehydration, foreign material or dilated loops of bowel on radiographs |
| FBO TREATMENT | usually surgical: endoscopic removal -> stomach only, gastrotomy -> removal from stomach, enterotomy -> removal from SI, resection and anastomosis (R & A) -> removal of a section of necrotic SI and connection of the remaining sections |
| FBO MEDICAL TREATMENT | aggressive fluid therapy, promotility/antiemetic medications, bulk feeding, anti-diarrheals, bland diet, watch 'back end' for material |
| Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) | occurs when stomach fills with gas (bloat, dilatation) and then the stomach twists on itself (volvulus); LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY |
| GDV predisposition | large breed, deep chested dogs usually >7 years of age; GSD, Great Dane, St Bernard, Weimaraner, Doberman |
| GDV SYMPTOMS | 'bloated abdomen', dry heaving, lethargy, collapse, labored breathing, painful abdomen, weakened femoral pulse, pale MM, increase HR, 'smurf hat' stomach on radio graphs |
| why is GDV an EMERGENCY? | swollen stomach presses on larger blood vessels in the abdomen and circulation is seriously compromised, resulting in shock; ANESTHESIA is RISKY but NECESSARY |
| GDV TREATMENT | decompression of stomach (orogastric tube, trocarization), surgical correction of twist (gastropexy, removal of necrotic tissue), fluids, antibiotics, antiemetics |
| GDV PREVENTION | gastropexy at time of spay/neuter, multiple meals throughout the day, NO exercise after meals, do NOT breed dogs that have experienced GDV, feed canned or moistened food |
| Megacolon | condition in CATS where the nerved of the colon do NOT function properly; walls of colon do not contract, causes constipation and further dilatation of colon, colon may distend to 3-4x larger than normal, usually IDIOPATHIC but can be caused by trauma |
| Megacolon SYMPTOMS/PE FINDINGS | middle aged to older cats, constipation/obstipation, VOMITING +/- DIARRHEA, anorexia, weight loss, soiling at hind end, painful or distended abdomen, enlarged/firm stool column on palpation/rectal |
| Megacolon TREATMENT | enema or manual evacuation, aggressive fluid therapy, medication (Cisapride, laxatives, stool softeners), high fiber diets, surgical intervention |
| Pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas resulting in GI upset, digestive enzymes spill into the abdominal cavity; causes damage to LIVER, BILE DUCTS, GALLBLADDER, and INTESTINES, can be caused by ingestion of fatty acids |
| Pancreatitis predisposition | Schnauzer, mini poodle, Cocker Spaniel; older, overweight animals more common in FEMALES |
| Pancreatitis SYMPTOMS | vomiting +/- diarrhea, anorexia, 'praying' position, lethargy, Hx of ingestion of rich food (pork, greasy food, etc) |
| Pancreatitis PE FINDINGS | abdominal pain, fever, high WBC on CBC, POSITIVE cPL (pancreatic specific lipase), ground glass appearance on radiographs |
| Pancreatitis CAT PE FINDINGS | LIVER enzyme elevation (Triaditis -> liver, pancreas, gallbladder inflammation |
| Pancreatitis TREATMENT | NPO up to 3 days, correction of dehydration, antiemetic medications, anti-diarrheal medications, pain medications, BSAs, appetite stimulation in CATS (to prevent hepatic lipidosis), bland diet, severe cases may require hospitalization for several days |
| Pancreatitis PREVENTION | maintain healthy weight, avoid table scraps, be extra cautious after 1 bout of pancreatitis, feed bland diet during GI upset, use meds @ first sign, NPO for 12-24 hrs |
| Anal Gland Sacculitis | full, irritated AGs, infection or impaction in AGs; scooting, licking at rear end, odor, leakage, rectum may appear red |
| Anal Gland Sacculitis TREATMENT | expression of AGs more frequently, infusion with antibiotics, fiber, underlying atopy (Apoquel, antihistamines), surgical removal (may cause incontinence) |
| Abscessed Anal Glands | infection that causes a rupture of the gland out the skin; draining sore near rectum, licking at rectum, redness near the rectum, scooting, blood or other discharge |
| Abscessed Anal Glands TREATMENT | clip/clean/scrub, expression of glands (infusion of antibiotics), oral/injectable antibiotics, oral/injectable anti-inflammatories (steroids, NSAIDs) |
| Anal Gland Neoplasia | cancerous growth associated with AGs, usually adenocarcinoma; middle to older aged dogs (Cocker Spaniels, Springer Spaniels, CKC Spaniels); highly invasive within tissues -> high rate of METASTASIS |
| Anal Gland Neoplasia SYMPTOMS | 'bump' by rectum, trouble defecating, PU/PD |
| Anal Gland Neoplasia DIAGNOSIS | rectal palpation, aspirate/cytology or surgical biopsy, increased Ca (HYPERCALCEMIA) on blood work |
| Anal Gland Neoplasia TREATMENT | surgical removal (metastasis to sublumbar LN), chemotheraphy, medical management (pain medication, fiber, stool softeners) |
Created by:
mkroon26
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