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Government
8th Grade
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did 9/11 change the US government? | Executive (presidential) Powers, passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force, increased growth of surveillance, remade immigration system |
| Government | the system used to organize and lead a body of people |
| Evolutionary Theory | As people evolved from hunter-gatherer societies to more settled agricultural societies, the need for leaders and government arose. These leaders/governments decided central issues and provided a sense of security, usually a family rule |
| Force Theory | When a more dominant force takes over the political system of a people/state through forcible invasion/occupation and forces them to follow their government rules. |
| Divine Right Theory | The leaders of this government claim that their right authority came from God, and therefore could not be challenged by the people. |
| Social Contract Theory | Those in power (the government) respect their people, and the people respect the government. The government is treated as an agreement between the leaders and the citizens. |
| Thomas Hobbes | - humans naturally selfish and quick to fight - single ruler should have authority - social contract was one-way |
| John Locke | - humans born with rights of life, liberty, and property - governments should protect people’s natural rights - social contract works both ways |
| Enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century emphasized the importance of science and logic |
| Social Contract | people agree to give up some freedoms, but the government agrees to protect everyone’s rights. |
| Both | - lack of government would cause state of nature - government is a social contract |
| Protection | govt defends our country against outside attacks from other nations |
| Public Order | the way that govts maintain peace and order within their own country |
| Justice | govts provide a third party to resolve conflicts - a court |
| Economic Security | govts do things to keep their economies healthy - owning major industries, regulating businesses, monitoring currency/interest rates |
| Public Services | govts provide many services that the public relies on, many of which protect the general public’s health and safety |
| Autocracy | single person in control of the government |
| Monarchy | king/queen rules the country through family line |
| Dictatorship | one leader has absolute control over citizens’ lives |
| Oligarchy | small group of people has all the power |
| Theocracy | government that recognizes God or a divine being as the ultimate authority |
| Democracy | citizens hold political power, direct and indirect |
| Difference between absolute/constitutional monarchy | in absolute monarchs hold complete power over government, in direct they are required to share power and follow constitution |
| Lottery | A random system used to select a certain amount of people for something in society. |
| Things in Athenian democracy that influenced US government | Assembly, Council of 500, People’s Court, constitution, Trial by Jury, rule of law, and different legislative bodies. |
Created by:
LeahKho
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