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Equip/Devices/Mods
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Corset: how do they affect abdom pressures? How does it assist SCI, LBP and pregnancy? | Inrc intra-ab pressure. Assists with respiration w/ SCI. Relieves pain with LBP. Acts as SI support during pregnancy. |
| Which TLSO is often used with compression fx? | Jewett because it limits flexion and encourages hyperextension of spine. |
| Boston TLSO is often used for scoliosis. When do athletes use it? What other conditions can it be used with? | Athletes during competition. Can also be used to treat spondylisthesis and conditions with severe trunk weakness such as muscular dystrophy |
| Which conditions do pts use resting splint(cock-up)? | RA, fx of carpals, Colles' fx, carpal tunnel syndrome and stroke with paralysis |
| How does wrist-driven tendoesis orthosis (flexor hinge orthosis) work? which level of SCI is it usually used at? | IT works by using wrist ext to approximate the thumb and forefingers(grip) in absence of finger flexion. Used with C6 quadriplegia |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a foot slap? | Ortho: inad DF assist, or PF stop. Anatomic: flaccid or wk DF |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of toes first at stance? | Ortho: inad heel lift, DF assist, PF stop. Anatomic: Short leg, pes equinus, ext spasticity, heel pain |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of foot flat contact? | Ortho: inad traction of sole, inad DF stop. Anatomic: poor balance, pes calcaneus |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of medial or lateral contact of floor first? | Ortho: transverse plane malalignment. Anatomic: weak inverters, pes valgus/varus, genu valgum/varum |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of excessive knee flexion or when knee buckles? | Ortho: inadq knee lock, inade DF stop inad PF stop or inad contral shoe lift. Anatomic: knee pain, short contra leg, hip/knee flex contracture, weak quads, flexor synergy |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a hyperextended knee? | Ortho: Genu recurvatum inad controlled by PF stop, excessively concave calf band, pes equines uncompensated by contra shoe lift, inad knee lock, Anatomic: Weak quads, lax knee ligs, ext synergy, pes equinus, short contra leg, contral knee/hip contracture |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a trunk lean? | ortho: inade knee lock, anatomic: compensation for quad weakness, hip/knee flexion contracture |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of backward trunk lean? | Ortho: inad hip lock or knee lock. Anatomic: weakness of glut max on the stance leg, knee ankylosis |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a lateral trunk lean towards the stance leg with wt? | ortho:Excessive ht of medial upright KAFO, excessive ab of hip with HKFO, insuff shoe lift. Anatomic: Weak glut med, abd contracture, dislocated hip, hip pain, poor balance, short leg. |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a wide walking base (heels more than 4inches apart)? | ortho:Excessive ht of medial upright KAFO, excessive ab of hip with HKFO, insuff shoe lift. Anatomic: abd contracture, dislocated hip, hip pain, poor balance, short leg requires walking aid |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of an interna or externall rotation of a limb? | Ortho: upright incorrectly aligned in transverse plane, requires orthotic control. Anatomic: Internal/enternal hip rotator are spastic, ER/IR are weak, antetorsion, retroversion, weak quads, ER |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of inade transfer of wt over forefoot? | ortho: PF stop, inad DF stop. Anatomic: wewak PF, achilles tendon sprain or rupture, pes calcaneus(DF contracture), forefoot pain |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of a toe drag? | Ortho: inad DF assist, inad PF stop, knee lock, inad DF assist, inad PF stop. Anatomic: weak DF, PF spasticity, pes equinus(PF contracture), weak hip flexors, Extensor synergy, knee or ankle ankylosis, weak DFm pes equinus |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of hip hiking? | ortho: knee lock, inad DF assist, inad PF stop. Anatomic: short contral leg, contral knee or hip flexion contract, weak hip flexor, extensor synergy, knee or ankle ankylosis, weak DF |
| What are the orthotic cause and anatomic cause of vaulting? | ortho: knee lock, inad DF assist, inad PF stop. Anatomic: weak hip flexors, extensor spasticity, pes equinus, short contral leg, contral knee or hip flexion contract, knee or ankle ankylosis, weak DF |
| With a partial foot prosthesis or sole may have what to aid in amb? | May have convex rocker bar to aid in late stance phase of gait |
| What is the purpose of foot-ankle assembly with BK amp? | It stimulates MTP hyperextension in later part of stance phase |
| What is the main disadvantage of a SACH? | Not used over uneven terrain or long distances |
| With PTB what are the pressure relieving areas? | over concavities such as anterior tibia, anterior tibial crest, fibular head and neck, peroneal (fib) N. |
| What areas are pressure tolerant? | Patellar tendon, medial tibial plateau, tibial and fib shafts, and distal end of tibia |
| What is prescribed for individuals that require a constantly locked knee? | manual lock is pin tat limits knee flexion and released by an unlocking lever |
| What does a friction brake do? | incr friction during midstance to prevent knee flexion and permits smooth motion through he rest of the gait cycle |
| relieve areas for quadrilateral socket? | adductor longus tendon, hamstring tendon, sciatc N, glut max and rectus femoris |
| What abnormal gait patterns will you see with the socket to far anterior with BK amps? | excessive knee flexion, early flexion, |
| What abnormal gait patterns will you see with the socket to far posterior with BK amps? | insufficient knee flexion, delayed knee flexion |
| with AK amps when do you see terminal impact | inad friction; taut extension aid |
| With AK amps when do you see high heel rise | inad friction; slack extension aid |
| What are the temps for contrast baths with hot/cold temps? What do youstart and end with?How long is the treatment? | 104 deg for hot and 59 deg for cold. Start and end with hot. |
| What temp for full body immerison for hydrotherapy? | shoud not exceed 100 deg |
| If cyrotherapy is applied for greater than 20mins what occurs? | reflex vasodilation will occur with reddening of skin |
| Purpose of vapocoolant? | reduces muscle spasm by desensitizing trigger points. |
| Ranges for frequency for US and when are they used? | 3MHz for superficial and 1MHz deeper conditions |
| If tissue is high in fat or water content how does that affect the US penetration is? | much deeper with less attenuation |
| More protein in tissueshow does that affect the US penetration is? | US is absorbed more but less penetration |
| How many pounds are required for cervical distraction of vertebral bodies? | 20-30 lbs |
| How many pounds is required to effect change at the spinal segments within the lumbar? | 25-65 pounds |
| Neck positions for cervical traction: degrees to incr intervertebral space of C1-C4? C5-C7? degree of neck position for treating a disc dysfunction within cervical? | 0-5 degrees for C1-C4. 20-30 degrees for C5-C&. 0 degrees for disc dysfunction. |
| Lumbar positions: Rx for stenosis? Posterior herniation of disc? | Stenosis: supine hips/knee in 90/90 position. Posterior disc dysfuction: prone without pillow is the preferred posotion |
| What determines the setting for intermittent compression device? | Pts blood pressure determines the settings. It never exceeds the pts DPB. |
| Intermittent compression rx frequency and duration? | Used at least two hours per day or 2hrs of every 24 hours |
| CMP is not only for ROM but is also is for? | inhibits adhesion formation, improves cartilage nutrition via better fluid mechanics and may stimulate chondrocytes. |
| What can be applied to a pt when on a tilt table to prevent venous pooling? | abdominal binder or elastic wrap |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of salicylate? | Cathode, decr pain |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of acetate? | cathode, decr Ca+ deposits |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of dexamethasome? | cathode, dcr inflammation |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of iodine? | cathode, soften scars |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of hydrocortisone? | anode, decr inflammation |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of lidocaine | anode, decr pain |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of magnesium or calcium? | anode, decr mm spasms |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of lithium? | anode, rx gout |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of Zinc? | anode, dermal ulcers |
| What is the charge/pole and effect with ionto of copper? | anode,anti fungal |
| What does the impulses stimulate with TENS? | Stimulates LARGE A-fibers to plock pain impulses |
| When is brief intense TENS proived pain relief for? | procedures such as wound debridement, deep friction massage or passive stretching |
| When is HV anode poleused, promotes? wave form? | used with NONinfected wounds, promotes epithelization, autolytic, reactiviation and pulsed wave |
| When is HV cathode used and promotes and wave? | use when infection is present. It promotes antibac effects, used to inc granulation. Low intensity, DC continous |
| When is russian current use? high or low freq? | used for strengthening of normal muscle by assisting with the muscle contraction during volitional activities such as isometric ex, short arc jt movements |
| What is interferential used for? | pain relief and strengthening |
| If skin is senstive to burns with FES what size electrodes would you use? intensity? pulse? current? | large electrodes, reduce intensity or an incr in pulse width may be indicated. AC is better tol than DC with skin sensitivities |
| What is the electrial test chronamimetry used for? what is a normal chronaxie? How long does it take for a neuron to degenerate(wallerian degen). | Chronaximerty tests for electrical excitability of perpheral N. The chronaxie value is the amount of time that the current musht be on in order to produce a min contraction. Normal value is <1ms. it takes 7-10 days for neurons to degenerate. |
| When should a chronaxierty test be done? The lower number indicates? | should be done after degernation/wallerian is complete. The lower the number of milliseconds the greater the nerve excitability. |
| If fibrillations potential are seen with an EMG what does that indicate? | denervation |
| what is the average for UE & LE NCV in meters/sec?What does a NCV test assess? | norm is UE: 60 m/secs LE: 50m/sec. NCV test assess peripheral nerve lesinos and neuropathies |
| Strength-duration curve: what does it test? what does the graph give an index of? | tests the excitability in which the intensity of current required to produce min mm contraction. Graph index of electrical excitability. |
| IF the strength-duration curve is steep, continuous curves that are displaced to the R what does it indicate? If the curve is discontinuous it indicates? | if steep and to the right: denervation. If discontinuous curve: partial denervation |
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