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Musicianship 1
Music Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the natural minor? | A scale only using the minor key signature |
| What is the harmonic minor scale? | A scale which using the minor key signature and a raised 7th |
| What is the melodic minor scale? | A scale which uses the minor key signature and a raised 6th and 7th while ascending and becomes a natural minor scale while descending. |
| What is the natural minor t/s pattern? | TSTTSTT |
| What is the harmonic minor t/s pattern? | TSTTSA2S |
| What is the melodic minor t/s pattern? | TSTTTTS |
| What is the order of sharps? | FCGDAEB |
| What is the order of flats? | BEADGCF |
| What is a relative key signature? | A major and minor scale which use the same key signature. They are located a minor third apart. |
| What is the t/s pattern for a major scale? | TTSTTTS |
| What is another name for the natural minor scale? | The Aeolian mode |
| What are parallel keys? | Keys that share the same tonic but not the key signature. |
| What is the name of an interval when the notes are played simultaneously? | A harmonic interval |
| What is the name of an interval when the notes are played one after another? | A melodic interval |
| How many semitones are in a major third? | 4 |
| How many semitones are in a minor third? | 3 |
| What are the perfect intervals? | Unison, fourths, fifths and octaves |
| Why are major and minor intervals called diatonic? | Because they naturally appear in major and minor scales |
| What is the order of intervals? | Diminished, minor, major augmented Diminished, perfect, augemented |
| What is a tritone? | An interval that spans three whole steps. It can also be called an augmented 4th. |
| What are the most common augmented intervals? | A2, A4, A6 |
| What are the most common diminished intervals? | d4, d5, d7 |
| What is interval inversion? | When one pitch of the interval is moved up an octave |
| What is a compound interval? | An interval that exceeds an octave |
| What is the order of scale degrees? | Tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant submediant, subdominant/leading note |
| When is a scale degree called the leading note? | When the note is only a semitone away from the tonic |
| When is a scale degree called the subtonic? | When the note is a tone away from the tonic |
| What is the difference between the root and bass note in a chord? | The root has the same pitch regardless of where it is placed in the chord whereas the bass note is always the lowest note |
| What is the lower and upper tetrachord of a diminished chord? | m3 - m3 |
| What is the lower and upper tetrachord of a minor chord? | m3 - M3 |
| What is the lower and upper tetrachord of a major chord? | M3 - m3 |
| What is the lower and upper tetrachord of an augmented chord? | M3 - M3 |
| What type of roman numerals are used to indicate a major chord? | Upper case roman numerals |
| What type of roman numerals are used to indicate a minor chord? | Lower case roman numerals |
| What type of roman numerals are used to indicate a diminished chord? | Lower case roman numerals with a superscript 'o' |
| What type of roman numerals are used to indicate an augmented chord? | Uppercase roman numerals with a '+' |
| In a major key, which chords are major? | I, IV, V |
| In a major key, which chords are minor? | ii, iii, vi |
| Which chord in a major key is diminished? | vii'o' |
| In a harmonic minor key, which chords are minor? | i, iv |
| In a harmonic minor key, which chords are major? | V, VI, VII (subtonic) |
| In a harmonic minor key, which chords are diminished? | ii'o', vii'o' |
| In a harmonic minor key, which chords are augmented? | III+ |
| How do we write a root position chord? | I(5/3), I |
| How do we write a first inversion chord? | I(6/3), I(6) |
| How do we write a second inversion chord? | I(6/4) |
| How do you play a root position triad? | The left hand must play the root. It does not matter what inversion the right hand plays. |
| In a chord, what intervals can be doubled? | Root and dominant |
| When can you double the third? | When the chord is diminished |
| What is a closed position chord? | When the notes are spaces as close as possible to one another |
| What is an opened position chord? | When the notes are spaced more widely |
| How do you determine the inversion of the chord? | The lowest note of the chord determines it's inversion |
| What is the soprano range? | C4 - G5 |
| What is the alto range? | F3 - C5 |
| What is the tenor range? | C3 - G4 |
| What is the bass range? | F2 - C4 |
| How far can the upper three parts of a 4 part harmony be apart? | No more than an octave |
| How far can the bass and tenor be apart from one another? | No more than a 12th |
| In second inversion chords, what note can be doubles? | Only the bass note |
| What are the rules for writing a diminished chord? | Only write it in first inversion, double the 3rd or 5th, do not the double the root of a vii(o) but you can for a ii(o) |
| If given a major key signature with sharps, how do you find the key? | from the last sharp, go up by one semitone |
| If given the major key, how do you find the key signature that has sharps? | Go down one semitone from the key to get the last sharp of the scale |
| If given a major key signature with flats, how do you find the key? | The second last flat is the key signature |
| If given the major key, how do you find the key signature that has flats? | From the key, go up one flat in the order of flats to they the total number of flats in the key |
| What are the main voice leading rules? | Each part moves to the closest note, no jumps bigger than a 6th, no diminished or augmented intervals, no part crossing, keep notes in the same part if two chords share the same note, leading note always goes to the tonic |
| What are the additional voice leading rule? | No parallel fifths or octaves, |
| How do you make your four part harmony sound interesting? | Change the soprano note and use inversions and change the middle notes of chords |
| What rule must be followed when chord progressions rise by a second? | The upper parts should move in contrary motion to the bass |
| When can you use a vii(o) chord? | When it is placed between a I and I(6) chord |
| When can you write two fifths consecuatively? | When one is perfect and one is diminished |
| How are exposed octaves and fifths created? | When soprano leaps more than a second, bass moves in similar motion and a perfect 5ht or octave is created |
| What chords can a chord V move to? | I/i, VI/vi, not ii and rarely IV/iv |
| What chords can a chord ii (major keys) move to? | V, not I, sometimes IV but it must be followed by a V chord |
| What chords can a chord IV move to? | V, VI/vi, can go to ii, but must be followed by V |
| What chords can a chord VI/vi move to? | ii, IV/iv, I/i, rarely V |
| What are some general rules for chord progressions? | Don't repeat a chord across a bar line, don't repeat a bass note across a bar line, bass note can't rise a third from week to strong beats, descending a third from weak to strong is good |
| When do cadences occur? | At the end of a musical phrase, section or at the end of the piece |
| What is a perfect authentic cadence? | V - I |
| When is a cadence called an imperfect authentic cadence? | When one of the chords is a first inversion |
| In a cadence, if the leading note is in the tenor of alto section, it can | Drop to the fifth of the next chord |
| What is a plagal cadence? | IV - I, it often involves a first inversion |
| What is a half or imperfect cadence? | A cadence that ends on a V chord, I - V, ii - V, IV - V, it is like a comma in a phrase |
| What happens when a perfect or imperfect cadence has a first inversion in it? | The sense of tonal stability is weakened |
| What is an interrupted or deceptive cadence? | V - VI, it is like a question mark in a phrase |
| In which chord progression can you double the third? | From V - VI, leading note resolves to tonic |
Created by:
Jurassica18
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