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Urinary System

QuestionAnswer
Kidney General Major excretory organs of the body; filter nearly 53 gallons of fluid from blood stream of toxins ions and waste via urine.
Kidney Function Regulate volume and chemical composition of blood; production of renin (BP) and EPO (RBC); Metabolize vitamin D to active form
Layers of Kidney Renal Fascia (outermost); Perirenal fat capsule; (middle); Fibrous Capsule (innermost).
Structural Parts of Kidney Renal Cortex (granular, filters blood); Renal Medulla (has pyramids were urine forms); Renal Pelvis (collects urine to dispel)
Highway for Urine Pyramids produce urine flow into the minor calyx then the major calyx, then to the renal pelvis where it flows urter and bladder.
Nephron Structural and functional unit of the kidney, produce the fluid that ultimately leads to production of urine
Renal Corpuscle Fundamental filtartion unit of kidney located at start of nephron. Consisting of fenestrated glomerus and a Bowman's capsule.
Glomerus Fenestrated capillary-like tubules that receive blood and begin the filtration process to create solute free of proteins.
Glomerular Capsule Carries plasma-derived fluid without proteins and RBC "filtrate" the raw material that the renal tubules process to form urine.
Glomerular Filtration Rate Of all the filtrate, only about 1% of that turns into urine. Important measurement since kidneys are important to filters.
Parts of Renal Tubule PCT Have mitochondria and microvilli for reabsorption; Loop of Henle: maintains osmolarity; DCT no microvilli
Cortical Nephrons Represent about 85% of the total number, located in the cortex. Have shorter loops of Henle - dips into the outer renal medula.
Juxtamedullary Nephrons Their loops of Henle deeply invade the medulla, with extensive thin segments; play a key role in producing concentrated urine.
Casa Recta The efferent arterioles serving the juxtamedullary nephrons form bundles of long straight blood vessels.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Mechanoreceptors that sense the BP in the afferent arteriole and have granular cells (JG) which contain renin.
Macula Densa Chemoreceptors in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle which detect the changes in the concentration of Na+ and Cl- of the filtrate. Ultimately involved in reabsorption.
Glomerluar Filtration Hydrostatic mmHg forcing fluids and solutes through a membrane; very efficient and permeable membrane.
GFR Volume of filtrate/minute of all glomeruli; affected by: total surface area .. has intrinsic (renal) and extrinsic control factors.
Micturition Voiding, urination, emptying baldder. Control center in brain -> stimulates sympathetic ns => activates sphincter which stretches
Glomerular Bsmnt Memb. Negatively charged tri-layered membrane which lets electrolytes but doesn't let negatively charged blood proteins pass through.
Created by: Wasurenboh
 

 



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