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Sm Animal Quiz 7
Lecture 13: Dental Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aging puppies -> 4 months | first pair of incisors (medial incisors) |
| aging puppies -> 4.5 months | next pair of incisors lateral to first |
| aging puppies -> 5 months | third pair of incisors |
| aging puppies -> 6 months | canines |
| incisors | front scissor teeth, used for tearing, cutting, nibbling, grooming; single, short root |
| canines | fangs or eyeteeth, used for grasping prey and protection, root much longer than crown, prone to fracture |
| premolars | behind canines, used for cutting or holding food; upper PM4 (largest tooth in mouth) called carnassial tooth -> 3 roots, prone to slab fractures |
| molars | most caudal in mouth, used to grind food |
| periodontal disease | 85% of canines and felines over 5 years of age have periodontal disease; plaque -> calculus/tartar -> gingivitis -> periodontal disease |
| periodontal disease SYMPTOMS | halitosis, blood noticed on toys/water bowl, 'discolored' teeth, problems with chewing, pawing/rubbing at face, hypersalivation, chattering teeth, weight loss, inappetance or changes in preferences of foods |
| STAGE 1 periodontal disease | gingivitis, mild halitosis; treatment with dental scaling and polishing, home care (brushing, dental chews) |
| STAGE 2 periodontal disease | gingivitis, moderate halitosis, plaque buildup at gingival margin; treatment with dental scaling/polishing, +/- subgingival care if pockets present, home care (brushing, dental chews) |
| STAGE 3 periodontal disease | gingivitis, significant halitosis, gingival recession, calculus buildup at gingival margin, pocket formation at gingival margin; treatment w dental scaling/polishing, gingival therapy, +/- subgingival care, extractions, home care |
| STAGE4 periodontal disease | severe gingivitis/halitosis/gingival recession, severe calculus buildup at gingival margin, pocket formation at gingival margin, exposed bifurcation, loose teeth; treatment w/ dental scaling/polishing, gingival therapy, subgingival care, extractions |
| retained deciduous teeth | deciduous teeth that are still present after adult teeth have erupted; common in SMALL BREED DOGS, can cause damage to adult teeth |
| retained deciduous teeth TREATMENT | extraction of retained teeth, can extract if present at time of castration/spay |
| slab fracture | slice ('slab') of the crown separates from the side of the tooth, often exposes pulp cavity; most commonly seen on upper 4th premolar (carnassial tooth) and can lead to tooth root abscessess |
| slab fracture TREATMENT | can monitor if no pulp exposed, root canal therapy, extraction of affected tooth |
| crown fracture | crown of tooth broken anywhere along crown (may or may not expose pulp), canine teeth often affected |
| crown fracture TREATMENT | no Tx usually necessary if pulp not exposed; painful and possible abscess formation if pulp exposed; root canal therapy or extraction of affected tooth |
| tooth root abscess | caused by introduction of bacteria into pulp cavity that leads to infection; usually secondary to trauma to tooth or severe periodontal disease (carnassial, PMs, molars likely affected) |
| tooth root abscess SYMPTOMS | problems chewing, oral pain, halitosis, swelling of face below eye, presence of fractured tooth |
| tooth root abscess TREATMENT | pain medication, broad spectrum antibiotics, extraction of affected tooth |
| cleft palate | opening between the mouth and nose when tissues between do not grow together properly (birth defect); primary -> lip only, secondary -> lip and palate |
| cleft palate PREDISPOSITION | brachycephalic breeds; Boston Terrier, Bulldogs, Siamese cats |
| cleft palate SYMPTOMS | food and water from nostrils, 'runny' nose after eating or before/after nursing, cough/gag when drinking, failure to thrive, trouble breathing/exercising due to fluid/nasal infection |
| primary cleft palate TREATMENT | mainly cosmetic, no Tx necessary unless owners deem unsightly and opt for surgical repair |
| secondary cleft palate TREATMENT | require surgical correction, prevents chronic infection, allows for proper nutrition for young animal's growth, usually requires board certified veterinary surgeon |
| NORMAL occlusion | upper incisors just overlap the lower incisors, lower canines at an equal distance between the upper third incisors and the upper canine teeth, premolar crown tips of the lower jaw point between the spaces of upper jaw teeth |
| malocclusion | abnormality in the mandible/maxilla/tooth position that causes a misalignment of teeth (skeletal or dental); if non-functional/traumatic, may require repair |
| SKELETAL: class 2 malocclusion (MAL 2) | OVERBITE bc mandible is shorter than maxilla; when mouth is closed, mandibular teeth do not align with corresponding maxillary teeth, space between upper and lower incisors when mouth is closed, lower incisors may cause hard palate trauma |
| SKELETAL: class 3 malocclusion (MAL 3) | UNDERBITE bc mandible is too long relative to maxilla; mandibular teeth protrude in front of corresponding maxiallary teeth; brachycephalic breeds have 'abnormal' normal underbites |
| SKELETAL: maxillomandibular asymmetry | rostrocaudal asymmetry: R and L sides are different lengths side-to-side asymmetry: lack of centering of upper and lower jaws open bite: increased space between mandible and maxilla |
| DENTAL: rostral crossbite | canine and premolar teeth on both sides of mouth are normally aligned, but one or more of the lower incisors are positioned in front of the upper incisors when the mouth is closed |
| DENTAL: caudal crossbite | one or more of the lower cheek teeth are more lateral than the opposing upper cheek teeth when the mouth is closed |
| foreign body | Hx of chewing sticks, bones; pt moves tongue strangely, may panic, close oral exam required (sometimes lodged between upper carnassials), may need sedation for removal |
Created by:
mkroon26
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