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What evidence would an archeologist want to analyze?
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Unit 2- Mesopotamia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define artifacts: | an objects from the past |
| What evidence would an archeologist want to analyze? | artifacts or objects left behind : clothing, tools, weapons and coins |
| What evidence would a geographer want to analyze? | natural features such as water, landforms, plants and animals. Roads, villages, bridges |
| What evidence would an historian want to analyze? | written records :diaries, letters, |
| Define primary sources: | first hand historical documents created during the time period of an event in history |
| Give two examples of primary sources: | letters, diaries |
| Define secondary sources: | a description of events written in documents after it occurred |
| Give two examples of secondary sources: | textbooks, biography |
| Explain how to read a timeline. | from left to right, the events on the left happened earlier than the events on the right (BCE to CE) |
| What does BCE stand for? | before common era |
| What does CE stand for? | common era |
| Define civilization. | a group of people who share government, religion, language and customs |
| What does the word “Mesopotamia” mean? | land between two rivers |
| What are the names of the twin rivers? | Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| How are the rivers used by the Mesopotamians? | trade/travel, drinking water, irrigate crops, fishing |
| Give two reasons why the Mesopotamian civilization developed in the Fertile Crescent. | Tigris and Euphrates: irrigate crops to create a surplus which was a stable food supply, Deserts: protection from attacks |
| What was the problem with hunting and gathering? | people had to keep moving from place to place, it did not create a stable food supply |
| Define agriculture. | growing crops and raising animals |
| What did farmers produce and how did it benefit the Mesopotamian civilization? | a surplus of crops which created a stable food supply so that other Mesopotamians could have different jobs |
| Which provided a more reliable source of food, hunting and gathering OR agriculture? EXPLAIN why you believe this is the more reliable source of food. | Agriculture: created a stable food supply therefore there were more jobs |
| Not having enough trees to build home. (solution | Used Mud bricks |
| Define city-state. | a city with a single ruler that controls the surrounding farmland |
| Define barter. (Give examples of each). | trading a good for a good, a good for a service, or a service for a service (wheat for two sheep, fish for digging canal, plowing fields for making wheels) |
| What two inventions helped farmers to create a surplus of food? | irrigation canals and plows |
| Why did farmers need to create a stable food supply? | so people could do others jobs and Mesopotamia would become more advanced |
| How were social classes determined? | birth and importance of job |
| Define social mobility. | movement between social classes |
| Did social mobility exist in Mesopotamia? | NO! |
| List the responsibilities of a king. | enforced laws and collected taxes, built temples and made sure irrigation canals were maintained, led army |
| Who was part of the upper class? | priests, landowners, and government officials |
| Who was part of the common class? | traders/merchants and craftspeople which included highly skilled metal workers also known as blacksmiths, farmers and fishermen |
| Give 2 pieces of evidence that describes a slave. | They lived in their owner's homes and had no property of their own. |
| What is divine kingship? | King chosen by the gods |
| What is the connection between religion and government? | Divine Kingship: King chosen by the gods |
| What is the name of the writing system that the Ancient Mesopotamians used? | cuneiform |
| Why did the Mesopotamian create a writing system? | to keep track of goods bartered/traded at the marketplace |
| What invention made transportation easier and faster? | wheel |
| What was Ashurbanipal of Assyria known for? | Warfare: using chariots, cavalry, battering ram, archers |
| How were the Persians different from all of the conquerors of the Fertile Crescent? | Persians did not adopt Mesopotamain way of life |
| Controlling the Tigris and Euphrates rivers from flooding | Made levees, canals, and dams |
| difficulties in building and maintaining irrigation systems | people from different villages needed to work together, worked to unclog silt |
| protecting their cities from neighboring attacks | built walls and moats |
Created by:
Mtenney
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