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Absolutism and Cons
France and England
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When a state has a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of force in a country. | Sovereignty |
| A system where a monarch wields supreme power and claims to have to answer only to God. | Absolutism |
| A balance between governmental powers and the rights of a government's subjects. | Constitutionalism |
| The belief that a King is God's chosen instrument on Earth and answerable to God alone | Divine Right of Kings. |
| A system of republican government, used to inaccurately characterize the Protectorate under Cromwell. | Commonwealth |
| A government that derives authority from the people. | Republican Government |
| A system central to feudalism in which people worked on a lord's lands in exchange for protection. | Serfdom |
| A King with limited powers. | Administrative Monarch |
| The first King of the Bourbon dynasty who converted to Catholicism to become King of France. | Henry IV |
| Henry IV's chief minister who helped him strongly develop state power. | The Duke of Sully |
| An annual fee paid by royal officials to guarantee heredity in their offices, introduced by Henry IV. | Paulette |
| A French monarch strongly influenced by a certain Cardinal, who led his nation through the Thirty Years War. | Louis XIII |
| The aforementioned Cardinal who dominated Louis XIII's royal council and helped consolidate royal power. Also founded the Academie Francaise. | Cardinal Richelieu |
| An office of royal commissioners begun under Richelieu | Intendants |
| Judicial nobility | Nobility of the Robe |
| A Huguenot stronghold besieged by Catholic forces under Louis XIII between 1627 and 1628. | La Rochelle |
| The organization organized to systematize rules for the French language. | Academie francaise |
| The embodiment of French absolutism, and longest-serving European monarch, who revoked the Edict of Nantes | Louis XIV (The Sun King) |
| A series of nobility uprisings between 1648 and 1653 over tax increases proposed by Mazarin and Louis XIV's mother Anne of Austria. | The Fronde |
| A path between the Atlantic and the French Mediterranean. | Canal des Deux Mers |
| The de facto capital of France during the 18th century and home of an opulent palace. | Versailles |
| Louis XIV's finance minister who sought to make France economically self-sufficient. | Jean-Baptiste Colbert |
| Government policies to regulate a nation's economic activities | Mercantilism |
| Major French explorers of the New World who traveled up the Mississippi River and explored the Gulf of Mexico. | La Salle, Marquette, Joliet |
| A religious revival particularly strong in France that emphasized a return to the early days of Christianity and accepted predestination. | Jansenism |
| An action performed by Louis XIV which effectively eliminated any remaining traces of Protestantism in France. | Revocation of the Edict of Nantes |
| An organization formed under Louis XIV's reign to promote French scientific research. | French Academy of Sciences |
| A famous comedic French playwright, author of works like "Tartuffe" and "The Imaginary Invalid." | Moliere |
| Secretary of war under Louis XIV who worked to greatly expand the size of the French army. | Marquis de Louvois |
| A war in the 1670s conducted by Louis XIV which ended with France gaining territory in Franche-Comte and many Flemish towns. | Dutch War (1672-1678) |
| The second of Louis XIV's three wars, it featured France arrayed against a strong alliance determined to curtail Louis ambitions and force him to give up Alsace and Lorraine. | Nine Years' War |
| A European-led coalition determined to stop Louis XIV, led by luminaries such as King William III and Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. | The Grand Alliance |
| The treaty that ended the Nine Years' War and forced Louis to return Lorraine. | Treaty of Ryswick |
| A war sparked by Louis Charles II's decision to bequeath the Spanish empire to Philip of Anjou, who would have also inherited the Spanish empire. | War of Spanish Succession |
| A sad, strange little King of Spain with many problems who touched off the War of Spanish Succession following his death. | Charles II |
| The treaty ending the War of Spanish Succession. | Treaty of Utrecht |
| The last Tudor monarch of England, successor to Elizabeth I. | James I |
| One branch of England's bicameral parliament that controlled taxation and was originally filled with knights and burgesses. | House of Commons |
| A clandestine collusion conjured up by a cadre of Catholics led by Guy Fawkes to blow up Parliament | Gunpowder Plot |
| The son of James I whose supposed sympathies to Catholicism and baiting of the House of Commons led to his being overthrown from the English throne. | Charles I |
| Thought not the Magna Carta, this document set out to define the rights of English subjects, such as Parliament's authority to tax. | Petition of Right (1628) |
| The period between 1629 and 1640 when Charles I ruled without Parliament's consent or input. | Personal Rule |
| Strong religiously conservative Protestants in England who sought to eliminate Roman Catholic elements from the Anglican Church. | Puritans |
| A clergyman who sought to impose complex Catholic-influenced rituals on the Church of England, raising some ire. | Archbishop William Laud |
| Practitioners of a religion created by John Knox. | Scottish Presbyterians |
| The Parliament that served between 1640 and 1660 and did much to limit Charles I's power. | Long Parliament |
| A list of grievances presented to Charles I from the English parliament in 1641 | Grand Remonstrance |
| A conflict between Parliamentary and Royalist forces that ended with a victory for the Parliamentarians. | English Civil War |
| Another name for the period between Charles I's execution and Charles II's ascension to the throne. | Interregnum |
| Leader of the Parliamentary forces and Lord Protector of England. | Oliver Cromwell |
| The Parliamentarian military forces organized by Thomas Fairfax and Cromwell. | New Model Army |
| A name given to the ostensibly republican government of Cromwell. | Protectorate |
| The targeted arrest of numerous members of Parliament who had not fully supported the New Model Army. | Pride's Purge |
| The name given to the smaller Parliament after Pride's Purge that ordered Charles I's execution. | Rump Parliament |
| The first written and codified constitution of England and the English-speaking world, composed in 1653. | Instrument of Government |
| The site of a Cromwell-ordered massacre of rebelling Irish Catholics. | Drogheda |
| Laws requiring that English goods be transported on English ships. | Navigation Acts |
| The return of a king to the Throne of England and the period shortly thereafter. | The Restoration |
| The King who was restored. | Charles II |
| A group containing such members as Buckingham and Clifford that acted as liaisons between Charles II and Parliament. | "The Cabal" Cabinet Government |
| A series of laws enacted by Parliament to establish supremacy of the Anglican Church in England. | Clarendon Code |
| A law passed by Parliament strengthening the rule that people unlawfully detained cannot be prosecuted by a court of law. | Habeas Corpus Act |
| An attempt by Charles II to grant liberty of religion to Protestant nonconformists in England. | Royal Declaration of Indulgence |
| A law passed by Parliament in place of the Declaration of Indulgence requiring public office holders to swear an oath of loyalty to the Anglican Church. | Test Act |
| The conflict between Parliamentarians over Charles II's choice as a successor | Exclusion Crisis |
| A fake conspiracy devised by Titus Oakes claiming that Catholics sought to execute Charles II. | Popish Plot |
| Two really bad days for England. | Great Plague of London and Great Fire of London |
| Trade wars conducted between England and a Lowland country. | Anglo-Dutch Wars |
| An English joint-stock company that enjoyed a great deal of trade with primarily China and India. | British East India Company |
| The successor to Charles II. (Hint: NOT Charles III.) | James II |
| A 1685 attempt to overthrow James II, ended by the Battle of Sedgemoor. | Monmouth Rebellion |
| James II's attempt to grant Catholics in England freedom of religion. | Declaration of Indulgence. |
| The bloodless deposition of James II | Glorious Revolution 1688 |
| A document written by Parliament following the Glorious Revolution enumerating certain guarantees for all English citizens. | Bill of Rights (1689) |
| A philosophical work by Thomas Hobbes justifying Absolutism. | Leviathan |
| A treatise by Locke calling for a society based on natural rights. | Two Treatises of Government |
| A Law passed in 1648 which gave freedom of practice to Protestant nonconformists (i.e Baptists) but not Catholics. | Act of Toleration |
| A series of uprisings determined to restore James II to the English throne. | Jacobite Rebellions |
| The system established in 1694 to act like the English government's banker. | Bank of England |
| A coalition headed in part by William of Orange against Louis XIV. | Grand Alliance |
| A law passed by Parliament that sought to determine Protestant succession to the English throne. | Act of Succession (1707) |
| Daughter of James II who followed William III on the throne. | Queen Anne |
| A famous general who fought during the War of Spanish Succession and won victories for England at Oudenarde and Malplaquet. | John Churchill (Duke of Marlborough) |
| A famous battle of the Spanish Succession where the Duke of Marlborough prevented Louis XIV from taking Vienna. | Blenheim |
| An Act passed in 1700 that helped clarify rules of succession. | Act of Settlement |
| The Royal House who ascended to the English throne following the Act of Settlement. The Georges were members of it. | Hanover |
| Considered to be England's first prime minister. He led the country during the War of Spanish Succession. | Sir Robert Walpole |
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betsynewmark