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Sm Animal Quiz 8

Lecture 15: Metabolic Disorders

QuestionAnswer
diabetes mellitus CAUSE caused by INSULIN DEFICENCY, common in dogs/cats, 1 in every 300 patients
diabetes mellitus SYMPTOMS PU/PD, weight loss, urinary accidents in house/outside of box, INCREASED APPETITE, weakness in rear limbs (plantigrade in cats), cataracts in DOGS
diabetes mellitus PREDISPOSITION middle-aged dogs -> Schnauzer, Poodle, Dachshund, Beagle, female 2x as common as males middle-aged to older cats -> obese male cats most common
diabetes mellitus DIAGNOSIS increased BG (CATS > 250, DOGS > 150), glycosuria, increased fructosamine
diabetes mellitus CURABILITY NOT curable in DOGS 30% of CATS will spontaneously resolve
diabetes mellitus TREATMENT INSULIN SUPPLEMENTATION, oral medications, weight management (DOGS -> high fiber, low cal; CATS -> high protein, low carb), goal is CONTROLLED BG
diabetes mellitus PROGNOSIS, MONITORING frequent monitoring of weight, symptoms, BG glucose curve, fructosamine; prognosis GOOD with mangement and monitoring
DM with DKA life-threatening complication of DM caused by EXCESS GLUCOSE -> shift in acid/base -> unable to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance -> ABNORMAL HEART RHYTHMS, MUSCLE FUNCTION
DM with DKA TREATMENT correct BG IMMEDIATELY, correct fluid imbalances, control subsequent vomiting/diarrhea
hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's Disease) CAUSES excess STEROID produced by adrenal glands due to adrenal gand tumor, pituitary gland tumor, or iatrogenic causes
Cushing's disease SYMPTOMS PU/PD, EXCESS HUNGER, weight gain, potbelly appearance, skin infections/hair loss, lethargy, panting, poor healing, UTIs
Cushing's disease PREDISPOSITION uncommon in CATS middle-aged to older DOGS -> Dachshunds, Poodles, Yorkies, Boston Terriers, Maltese
Cushing's disease DIAGNOSIS increased ALT and ALP, mild anemia, confirmatory testing with LOW DOSE DEXMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST (normal dog will NOT produce cortisol)
Cushing's disease CURABILITY NOT CURABLE, can only manage
Cushing's disease TREATMENT oral medications -> Trilostane, Mitotane
Cushing's disease PROGNOSIS, MONITORING frequent ACTH stimulation tests prognosis GOOD with management, poor without treatment
hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) CAUSES NOT ENOUGH STEROID PRODUCED, caused by immune-mediated destruction of adrenal glands
Addison's disease SYMPTOMS waxing/waning GI signs (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia), response to Tx with return on symptoms, Addisonian crisis (sudden weakness, vomiting, collapse), low resting cortisol, increased Na/K ratio (> 30)
Addison's disease PREDISPOSITION RARE IN CATS common in -> Standard Poodle and crosses, Labradors, Great Danes
Addison's disease DIAGNOSIS ACTH stimulation test -> normal dog will produce CORTISOL, dog with ADDISON'S WILL NOT
Addison's disease CURABILITY NOT CURABLE
Addison's disease TREATMENT STEROID SUPPLEMENTATION, glucorticoids and mineralocorticoids (caution during periods of stress increased oral dose)
Addison's disease PROGNOSIS, MONITORING frequent ACTH stimulation test, Na/K ratio prognosis GOOD with treatment and monitoring
hyperthyroidism CAUSES THYROID PRODUCES TOO MUCH HORMONE, usually caused by benign tumor in thyroid
hyperthyroidism SYMPTOMS weight loss, PU/PD, increased appetite, POOR QUALITY HAIRCOAT, change in behavior (heat seeking, vocalization, restlessness)
hyperthyroidism PREDISPOSITION CATS > 12 YRS, does not usually occur in DOGS unless over supplementation of LEVOTHYROXINE
hyperthyroidism DIAGNOSIS tachycardia or murmur, increased BP, increased T4 on bloodwork, palpable 'thyroid slip'
hyperthyroidism CURABILITY CURABLE with RADIOACTIVE IODINE/SURGERY
hyperthyroidism TREATMENT anti-thyroid medication (methimazole), surgical removal of thyroid gland, radioactive iodine (selectively destroys overactive thyroid tissue), dietary management
hyperthyroidism PROGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT manageable with medication, diet prognosis GOOD with control, requires frequent monitoring of weight, T4 levels
hypothyroidism CAUSES INABILITY OF THYROID GLAND TO PRODUCE HORMONE, immune-mediated destruction of thyroid tissue, cancer
hypothyroidism SYMPTOMS weight gain, lethargy, INCREASED APPETITE, hair/skin abnormalities, SLOW HEART RATE
hypothyroidism PREDISPOSITION RARE IN CATS middle-aged to older dogs -> Golden Retriever, Dachshund, Doberman, Sheltie
hypothyroidism DIAGNOSIS high cholesterol levels, LOW THYROID HORMONE LEVELS (T4, TT4, T3), high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
hypothyroidism CURABILITY NOT CURABLE
hypothyroidism TREATMENT thyroid supplementation for life with frequent monitoring -> LEVOTHYROXINE
hypothyroidism PROGNOSIS, MONITORING prognosis GOOD with management
Created by: mkroon26
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