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MREs
Midlands Rules of Evidence (AMTA)
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Rule 101 - Scope Definitions | Rules apply only in Midlands courts |
Rule 102 - Purpose | Rules aim for fair and efficient proceedings |
Rule 103 - Rulings on Evidence | Object to evidence right away to challenge it later. |
Rule 104 - Preliminary Questions | Judge decides admissibility before evidence reaches the jury. |
Rule 105 - Limiting Evidence | Court can limit evidence to specific purposes. |
Rule 106 - Related Writings or Statements. | If one part of a statement is used the rest may be required for context. |
Rule 201 - Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts | Court can accept obvious facts without proof. |
Rule 301 - Presumptions in Civil Actions Generally | Party must produce evidence to counter presumption. |
Rule 401 - Test for Relevant Evidence | Evidence must make a fact more or less probable. |
Rule 402 - General Admissibility of Relevant Evidence | Relevant evidence is admissible unless a rule excludes it. |
Rule 403 - Excluding Relevant Evidence | Exclude evidence if it's more harmful than helpful. |
Rule 404 - Character Evidence; Crimes or Other Acts | Character can't prove conduct, but some exceptions apply. |
Rule 405 - Methods of Proving Character | Use reputation or specific actions to prove character. |
Rule 406 - Habit; Routine Practice | Habits can show a person acted the same way here. |
Rule 407 - Subsequent Remedial Measures | Fixing a problem after it happened isn't proof of fault. |
Rule 408 - Compromise Offers and Negotiations | Settlement offers aren't evidence of liability. |
Rule 409 - Offers to Pay Medical and Similar Expenses | Offering to pay medical bills doesn't admit fault. |
Rule 410 - Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related Statements | Withdrawn or no-contest pleas can't be used against a defendant. |
Rule 411 - Liability Insurance | Insurance status isn't evidence of negligence. |
Rule 501 - Privileges in General | Only Midlands-recognized privileges apply. |
Rule 601 - Competency to Testify in General | Anyone can testify unless a rule says otherwise. |
Rule 602 - Need for Personal Knowledge | Witnesses need direct knowledge to testify. |
Rule 603 - Oath or Affirmation | Witnesses swear to tell the truth. |
Rule 605 - Judge's Competency as a Witness | The judge cannot be a witness. |
Rule 607 - Who May Impeach a Witness | Any party can question a witness's credibility. |
Rule 608 - A Witness's Character for Truthfulness or Untruthfulness | Character for honesty can be challenged or supported. |
Rule 609 - Impeachment by Criminal Conviction | Certain convictions can affect witness credibility. |
Rule 610 - Religious Beliefs or Opinions | Religion can't support or harm credibility. |
Rule 611 - Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses | Court controls questioning to keep it fair and effective. |
Rule 612 - Writing Used to Refresh a Witness's Memory | Witnesses can use notes to refresh memory. |
Rule 613 - Witness's Prior Statement | A witness's prior statements can be used to show inconsistency. |
Rule 614 - Court's Calling or Examining a Witness | The court can't call or question a witness. |
Rule 615 - Excluding Witnesses | Witnesses can be kept out to avoid influence. |
Rule 701 - Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses | Non-experts can give opinions if based on what they saw. |
Rule 702 - Testimony by Expert Witnesses | Experts can give opinions on complex subjects. |
Rule 703 - Bases of an Expert's Opinion | Experts can base opinions on facts they've learned. |
Rule 704 - Opinion on an Ultimate Issue | Opinions can go to the heart of the case. |
Rule 705 - Disclosing Facts Underlying an Expert's Opinion | Experts don't have to share all details first |
Rule 801 - Definitions and Exclusions from Hearsay | Hearsay: Out-of-court statements used to prove something. |
Rule 802 - The Rule Against Hearsay | Hearsay isn't allowed unless there's an exception. |
Rule 803 - Exceptions to Hearsay | Some hearsay (e.g., present sense impression) is allowed. |
Rule 804 - Hearsay Exceptions if Declarant Unavailable | Some hearsay is allowed if the person can't testify. |
Rule 805 - Hearsay Within Hearsay | When a statement has multiple hearsay layers |
Rule 806 - Attacking and Supporting Declarant's Credibility | Out-of-court declarants can be challenged like witnesses. |
Rule 901 - Authenticating or Identifying Evidence | Evidence must be proven to be what it claims to be. |
Rule 902 - Self-Authenticating Evidence | Some evidence doesn't need extra proof to be real. |
Rule 903 - Subscribing Witness's Testimony | No need for witness to verify a signed document. |
Rule 1001 - Definitions for Writings | Originals and duplicates apply to writing, photos, recordings. |
Rule 1002 - Requirement of the Original | The original is required unless a rule allows otherwise. |
Rule 1003 - Admissibility of Duplicates | Duplicates are fine if the original isn't questioned. |
Rule 1004 - Other Evidence of Content | If originals aren't available other proof can be used. |
Rule 1005 - Copies of Public Records | Certified copies of public records are acceptable. |
Rule 1006 - Summaries to Prove Content | Summaries are allowed if the material is too long to review. |
Rule 1007 - Testimony to Prove Content | A party's statements can prove a document's content. |
Rule 1008 - Court and Jury's Role in Determining Content | The court or jury decides if the evidence reflects the original. |