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AAH 1010 EXAM 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False: The Silk Road brought not only trade but also Buddhism to China. | True |
| True or False: Stone ware is harder than earthenware and it is fired at a higher temperature. | True |
| True or False: Ancient Chinese painting tends to be an art of line rather than color. | True |
| True or False: Confucius emphasized correct moral and social action and respect for tradition. | True |
| A ______ is an ancient Chinese covered vessel, often in the shape of an animal, which is used for rituals. | guang |
| Lao Zi's teachings contributed toward the growth of _________. | Daoism |
| _______ landscape paintings have greater expanses of blank space, which encourages an emotional response and thought. | Southern Song Dynasty |
| Recognized among China’s earliest civilizations, Yangshao culture is noteworthy for its _______. | pottery |
| True or False: Basilicas in Ancient Rome functioned as houses of worship. | False |
| True or False: All Roman emperors came from Italy. | False |
| True or False: Pax Romana occurred during the Republican period of Roman history. | False |
| True or False: Ancient Romans borrowed aesthetic and spiritual programs from other cultures. | True |
| True or False: Concrete construction was developed by the Greeks and refined by the Romans. | False |
| The two main streets of a Roman town will typically intersect at the _______. | forum |
| Among the following elements, which distinguishes Roman architecture from Greek? | rounded arches |
| More recent discoveries that explain how Rome’s Colosseum operated include all but the following: | complex plumbing created artificial rainfall |
| Christianity was adopted as the official religion of Rome in the early 4th century CE by Emperor______. | Constantine |
| Portraits of women in Ancient Rome tend to depict _______________. | idealized beauty |
| A distinguishing feature of a Roman domus or villa was a central _________. | atrium |
| EXTRA CREDIT: Type of storytelling depicted that occurs from one wall to next? | Continuous narrative |
| EXTRA CREDIT: Dragons are significant in Chinese iconography because they: | symbolize good fortune; symbolize power; symbolize strength; symbolize honor; fly/communicate between heaven and earth; bring rain (link to water in general); symbolize imperial power and ancestry; play major role in Chinese mythology and astrology.... |
| Order of periods in Ancient China | Neolithic Period, Shang Dynasty, Zhou and Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty and Period of Disunity, Tang Dynasty, Song and Liao Dynasty |
| EXTRA CREDIT: Identify the following based upon your classmate’s drawing: | Forbidden City in Beijing China |
| The Silk Route | is an ancient network of land and sea trade routes connecting Asia, Europe, and East Africa. It began c. 114 BCE during Han Dynasty and ended with the rise of the Ottoman Empire in 1453. Spurred by the demand for Chinese silk, it linked the great empires |
| Earthernware | low-fire clay which were painted or burnished |
| High-fired stoneware | accidental glazing resulting from extremely high temperature made possible by new methods of kiln construction. This became the main ceramic type for many centuries. |
| Cong | ritual jade objects in the shape of a tube that were part of Chinese burial practices in the Neolithic and early historic periods. Their precise meaning remains uncertain. |
| Bi Discs | stones fashioned into nonfunctional ceremonial blades and ritual implements that were buried in the graves of important people. |
| Guang | ritual wine vessel |
| Piece-mold Technique | Mold assembly for casting where a model is surrounded by the four panels that make up the mold. The inner core and interior leg core sections are shown above and below the model. The mold is joined together and inverted for molten metal to be poured into |
| Daoism | arose as a secular school of thought with a strong metaphysical foundation around 500 BC, during a time when fundamental spiritual ideas were emerging in both the East and West. Two core texts from the basis of this: the Laoz, and the Zhuongzhi, attribute |
| Laozi | also called the Daodejing, or the way and its Power has been understood as a set of instructions for virtuous rulership or for self-cultivation. It stresses the concept of nonaction or noninterference with the natural order of things. The path to achievin |
| Yin and Yang | dualistic forces |
| Confucianism | Philosophy based on the belief that human beings are essentially good, that they engage in immoral behavior through lack of a strong moral standard, and that adherence to an ethical code, and rituals which encourage it. |
| Confucius | Founded Confucianism, a Chinese philosopher of the spring and autumn period. Considered among the greatest philosophers of the Hundred schools of thought. |
| Filial Pity | derives from the most fundamental human bond: parent and child. The parent-child relationship is appropriately the first of the five Confucian relationships. Although the child is the junior member in the relationship, the notion of reciprocity is still k |
| Qin Shihuang | First emperor of Qin, rules 221-210 BCE. Centralizes bureaucracy, standardizes: written language, weights, measures, coinage, builds Great Wall, advocates Legalism, and replaces feudal system with merit-based system. |
| Legalism | absolute obedience to state authority |
| Hanging scroll | meant to be hung on the wall, suspended from a silk string. The painting is mounted on a patterned silk support that complements the composition and colors. When not hanging, it is rolled from the bottom to the top, tied with string, and stored safely in |
| Handscroll | designed to be viewed by only one or two people at a time, and is never seen all at once. It is unrolled by pulling the end of the scroll to the right with the right hand, while holding the rest of the scroll with the left hand. The painting on the scroll |
| Sancai | earthenware of the Tang Dynasty: low fired ceramic figures in this, a three-colored glaze technique, are found in tombs of the elite. |
| Monochromatic | using only one color |
| Literati painting | more interested in personal erudition and expression than in literal representation or an immediately attractive surface beauty. |
| Sgraffito | meaning "scratched" in Italian, a ceramic technique in which the clay is covered in black slip and then carved away to reveal a design. |
| Meiping | vase inspired by the shape of a young female body. This was often a tall celadon vase made to resemble human characteristics, especially a small mouth, a short, narrow neck, a plump bosom, and a concave belly. It was meant to hold a single branch of plum |
| Pagoda | a tower-like, multistory, solid or hollow structure made of stone, brick, or wood; derives from the stupa form. |
| Chan Buddhism | an indigenous form of Chinese Buddhism that developed beginning in the sixth century CE and subsequently spread to the rest of East Asia. Distinguished by its novel use of language, its development of new narrative forms, and its valorization of the direc |
| Dionysiac mystery frieze (Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii) c. 60-50, Rome: This is an example of a _________ style wall painting. | Second |
| Dionysiac mystery frieze (Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii) c. 60-50, Rome: The primary content is ____________. | rituals associated with Dionysus |
| Dionysiac mystery frieze (Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii) c. 60-50, Rome: This mural is located in the town of ___________ | Pompeii |
| Order of Ancient Rome | Founding of Rome, Monarchy, Roman Republic, Roman Empire, Early Empire, High Empire, and Late Empire |
| Romulus | Founded Rome |
| Barrel vault | architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve along a given distance. |
| Grain vault | produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. Sometimes the arches of these vaults are painted instead of round. |
| Oculus | is a circular opening in the center of a dome or in a wall. |
| Verism | sort of hyperrealism in a sculpture where the naturally occurring features of the subject are exaggerated often to the point of absurdity. |
| Veristic | tendencies in middle-aged men portraiture that they appear to be extremely aged and worn. This stylistic tendency is influenced both by the tradition of ancestorial images as well as deep-seated respect for family, tradition, and ancestry. |
| Patrician | a member of the upper class in ancient Rome who held political, religious, and military power. |
| Senate | a governing and advisory council in ancient Rome that was the most permanent part of the Roman constitution. |
| Denarius | Roman coin |
| Vitruvius | Roman architect and author who wrote about architecture in the first century BCE. |
| Forum (fora) | important public spaces that relied upon the visual potential of monumental art and architecture to reinforce ideological messages. |
| Basilica | fundamental element of a Roman forum. It was used as a public building, much like the Greek stoa. It also served as a meeting place for administration, as a law court, and as a marketplace. |
| Amphitheater | was a structure built through the Roman empire where ordinary people could watch spectacles. Usually oval in form, could seat tens of thousands of people, and became a focal point of Roman society, lucrative entertainment business. |
| TRUE OR FALSE: The sacred book of Islam is called the Kaaba. | False |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Signature features of Islamic mosques are domes and minarets. | True |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Aniconism is less common in Islamic palaces than in mosques. | True |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Islamic art objects never combine more than one type of script or writing. | False |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Muqarnas tend to conceal elements of architectural support. | True |
| Muhammad first preached the tenets of Islam from his _______. | Home |
| Within a mosque, the _______ is closest to Mecca. | Qibla Wall |
| The _________ demonstrates the powerful influence of Islamic culture in Spain. | Great Mosque at Córdoba |
| Sinan was a renowned __________. | Architect |
| Time Periods of Islam | Early Period, Medieval Period, and Later Period |
| Modina and Mecca | Where Islam originated, present-day Saudi Arabia. |
| Muhammad | Islam began with this prophet |
| Islam | means "surrender" and its central idea is a surrendering to the will of God. |
| Muslims | Followers of Islam. Believe that they are following in the same tradition as the Judo-Christian figures Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus who they believe were significant prophets before Muhammad. |
| Allah | Muslims believe there is only one God whom is this and his prophet is Muhammad. |
| Hijra | In 622, Muhammad and his followers fled Mecca for the city of Yathrb, which is known as Mediva today, where his community was welcomed. This event is known as this, or emigration. 622, the year of this, marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. |
| Mosque | A gathering place for Muslims |
| Ka'ba | the holiest site in Islam |
| Kaaba | meaning cube in Arabic, is a square building elegantly draped in a silk and cotton veil, holiest shrine in Islam, located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. |
| Qibla | direction in Arabic is marked in all mosques and enables the faithful to know in which direction they should pray. |
| Qur'an | established the direction of prayer, sacred book of Islam. |
| Aniconism | the avoidance of figural imagery in religious spaces, Muhammad promoted this. |
| Uthman | Muslim beliefs codified into Koran or Qur'an |
| Caliph | Arabic for successor (meaning successors to Muhammad) |
| Mihrab | a niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Mecca. |
| Minaret | a tower adjacent or attached to a mosque, from which the call to prayer is announced. Serves as a powerful visual reminder of the presence of Islam. |
| Minbar | a raised platform or pulpit in a mosque where the imam, or prayer leader, delivers a sermon. |
| Calligraphy | highest form of Islamic art. |
| Kufic | script, calligraphic style used by those early scribes of the Qur'an. |
| Iconoclasm | Any destruction of images |
| Muqarnas | Pointed niches arranged in tiers that appear to form a honeycomb or staircase. |
| Squinches | any of several devices by which a square or polygonal room has its upper corners filled in to form a support for a dome. |
| Pendentives | a triangular segment of a spherical surface that fills in the upper corners filled in to form a support for a dome. |
| Madrasa | religious school |
| Sultan | a ruler of a Muslim country and claimed the title caliph. |
| Iwan | a vaulted space that opens on one side to a courtyard |
| Imam | decedents of the Prophet Muhammad who protect the religion and help guide Muslims along the right path. |
| Cuerda Seca | black-line tiles |
| Sinan | Ottoman architect |
| Enameled | best known and historically most treasured type of Islamic glass. Powdered opaque glass were applied to a glass surface using an oil-based medium and a brush or a reed pen. |
| Mughal | were a Muslim dynasty who ruled over a majority of Hindu population. |
| What cathedral had the first flying buttresses? | Chartres Cathedral |
| Flying buttresses | exterior supports used in Gothic architecture to distribute weight from tall walls or vaults to piers outside the building. |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Perspective is a key goal in illusionistic paintings | True |
| TRUE OR FALSE: The Terracotta Warriors were made to protect China's Forbidden City. | False |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Roman architecture was influenced by the Etruscans and the Greeks | True |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Vespasian's construction projects made him more popular than Nero. | True |
| TRUE OR FALSE: China's first emperor, Qin Shihuang, was known as a benevolent ruler. | False |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Viewing a handscroll is one of the more intimate ways to enjoy a Chinese painting. | True |
| _____ was the main public area of a Roman domus. | Atrium |
| Ancient Chinese Civilization integrated all but the following system of thought: | Hinduism |
| In general, Song Dynasty landscapes sought to depict all but the following: | an exact likeness of nature |
| _____ came to _____ from ______ via the Silk Road. | Buddhism; China; India |
| All but the following is typical of early Chinese wooden temples: | barrel vaulting |
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