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ECG

QuestionAnswer
P wave atrial DEpolarization
PR interval time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to Purkinje fibers
QRS wave ventricular DEpolarization
ST segment beginning of ventricular REpolarization
T wave ventricular REpolarization
QT interval time for electrical systole
Heart Rate # of intervals between QRS complexes in a 6-second strip multiplied by 10
Ventricular arrhythmias originate from an ectopic focus in the ventricles (outside normal conduction system)
Ventricular fibrillation pulseless, emergency situation requiring EMT: CPR, defibrillation, medications
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) NO P wave, bizarre & wide QRS that is premature, followed by a long compensatory pulse
Serious PVCs >6 per minute, paired or in sequential runs, multifocal, very early PVC (R on T Phenomena)
Ventricular tachycardia 3 or more PVCs occuring sequentially; very rapid rate (150-200 bpm)
Ventricular tachycardia wide, bizarre QRS waves, NO P waves, seriously compromised cardiac output
Ventricular fibrillation chaotic activity of ventricle originating from multiple foci; unable to determine rate
Ventricular fibrillation bizarre, erratic activity without QRS complex
Ventricular fibrillation No effective cardiac output; clinical death within 4-6 mins
Atrial arrhythmias (supraventricular) Rapid & repetitive firing of 1 or more ectopic foci in the atria
Atrial arrhythmias (supraventricular) P waves abnormal (variable in shape) or not identifiable (atrial fibrillation)
Atrial tachycardia 140-250 bpm
Atrial flutter 250-350 bpm
Atrial fibrillation >300 bpm
Atrioventricular blocks ab(N) delays or failure to conduct through (N) conductiong system
If ventricular rate is slowed, Cardiac output is decreased
3rd degree AV block life threatening, requires meds (ATROPHINE), pacemaker
ST depression impaired coronary perfusion (ischemia or injury)
MI central zone of infarction Ab(N) Q waves
MI zone of injury ST elevation
MI zone of ischemia T wave inversion
Hyperkalemia wide QRS, flat P wave, peaked T wave
Hypokalemia flat T wave (or inverted), produces U wave
Hypercalcemia wide QRS, short QT interval
Hypocalcemia prolonged QT interval
Hypothermia ST segment elevation; slow rhythm
Digitalis ST segment depression, flattened T wave (or inverted), shortened QT
Quinidine long QT, T flat/inverted, QRS long
BetaBlockers (Propranolol/Inderal) decreased heart rate, blunts HR response to exercise
Nitrates (nitoglycerin) Inc HR
Antiarrhythmic agents may prolong QRS & QT intervals
Created by: bluepunkstar
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