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LS1-4 - Mitosis

TermDefinition
Anaphase A stage in cell division where chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.
Cancer Uncontrolled cell growth that can lead to tumors and spread through the body.
Carcinogen A substance that can cause cancer by damaging DNA.
Cell Cycle The life cycle of a cell, including growth, DNA replication, and division.
Cell Plate A structure that forms in plant cells during cell division to help separate the two new cells.
Centromere The part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids and where spindle fibers attach.
Centrosome An organelle that organizes spindle fibers for chromosome movement during cell division.
Checkpoint Points in the cell cycle where the cell checks if it's ready to proceed to the next stage.
Chromosome A structure made of DNA that contains genes, found in the nucleus of cells.
Cleavage Furrow A groove that forms as animal cells divide, helping to split the cell into two.
Cytokinesis The process where the cytoplasm divides, creating two new cells.
Cytoplasm The fluid inside a cell that surrounds organelles.
Daughter Cell The new cells formed after cell division.
Differential Gene Expression The process by which cells express different sets of genes to become specialized.
Differentiation The process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.
Diploid A cell with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) The molecule that contains genetic instructions for life.
Egg Cell A female reproductive cell that can be fertilized by a sperm cell.
Embryo An early stage of development after fertilization.
Fertilize The process of a sperm cell joining with an egg cell to form a new organism.
Gap 1 (G1) A phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows and carries out normal functions.
Gap 2 (G2) A phase in the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division.
Gene A section of DNA that provides instructions for making a protein.
Genome The complete set of genetic material in an organism.
Growth An increase in cell size or number, leading to organismal development.
Haploid A cell with one set of chromosomes, like sperm and egg cells.
Interphase The part of the cell cycle when the cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for division.
Maintenance The processes cells perform to stay healthy and functional.
Metaphase A stage in cell division where chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
Mitosis A type of cell division that creates two identical cells from one parent cell.
Mitotic Phase (M) The phase in the cell cycle when the cell divides its nucleus and cytoplasm.
Multicellular An organism made of multiple cells.
Nucleus The cell structure that holds DNA.
Parent Cell The original cell that divides to form two new cells.
Prophase A stage in cell division where chromosomes become visible and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
Protein Molecules made of amino acids that perform many functions in cells.
Replication The process of copying DNA so each new cell has a complete set.
Sister Chromatid Each half of a duplicated chromosome, which separates during cell division.
Somatic Cell Any cell in the body that is not a sperm or egg cell.
Sperm Cell A male reproductive cell that can fertilize an egg cell.
Spindle Fibers Structures that help separate chromosomes during cell division.
Stem Cell A cell that can develop into different cell types.
Synthesis Phase (S) The phase in the cell cycle where DNA is replicated.
Telophase The final stage of cell division where two new nuclei form.
Tumor (Benign and Malignant) A mass of cells; benign tumors don’t spread, while malignant tumors can spread.
Unicellular An organism made of only one cell.
Created by: brookebiery
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