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History midterm

History midterm England in the Middle Ages

QuestionAnswer
England vs. Holy Roman Empire -like the HRE, the ruler starts as not much more powerful that other nobles -unlike the HRE, the English King becomes the sole power and leader of a nation
British Isles -earliest inhabitants: Celts -soon after Romans arrive
Christianity in the British Isles -St. Augustine of Canterbury (England) -St. Patrick (Ireland) -St. Columba (Scotland)
Alfred the Great -871-899 -defends against tribal attacks -educational revival and made code of laws -Danelaw: forces Danes to settle in a part of England
England Organization -organized into Shires led by an Earl -the divided into hundreds -in Shires there was a Reeve, a court official charged with upholding the law -shire-reeve="sheriff"
Witenagemot -"Witan" -council of wise men who would elect the King
Edward the Confessor -known for his piety -dies in 1066
William of Normandy -aka William I, William the conqueror -wins Battle of Hastings -Salisbury Oath: The oath required the men to swear allegiance to William and remain faithful to him against all others -practices lay investiture -wrote Domesday book
Norman Kings -William I -William II -Henry I
Plantagent Kings -Henry II -Richard I -John
Henry I -commissions itinerant judges
Henry II -Henry I grandson -marries Eleanor of Aquitaine -wants to exert more authority over the church -says clergy can be tried in secular courts -James a Beckett fights against movement, killed
John -fought and lost to Phillip II -John forced to sign the Magna Carta
Principles of English Government that are gaining acceptance -King is not above the law -there is a law common to the whole country -King must consult with the legislature council (becomes Parliament)
Henry III -arrested -but when regains power, he consults with Parliament
Simon de Montfort -leads civil against Henry III -rules for 15 months but dies in battle -Henry regains power
Edward I (the Longshanks) -attacked Scotland -Parliament splits into House of Lords and House of Commons
Created by: Baptized Sultan
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