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Psy 203 Ch 3

Question	Answer
What is the correct term for a baby that is newborn	neonate
The birth of a baby usually occurs _____ days after conception.	266
When the critical hormone ___________ is released in high enough concentration by the mother’s pituitary gland, the mother’s uterus begins periodic contractions.	oxytocin
Another term for “false labor,” where after the fourth month of pregnancy the uterus occasionally contracts in order to ready itself for eventual delivery, is called a(n)	Braxton-Hicks contraction
The neck of the uterus that separates it from the vagina is called	cervix
Labor proceeds in ____ stages	3
During the final part of the first stage of labor, the contractions increase to their greatest intensity; this is known as	transition
At which stage of labor does the baby’s head emerge?	second stage
When the baby is in the process of leaving the mother’s body, this is considered the _____ stage of labor.	second
When the mother’s cervix is fully dilated and her contractions increase to their greatest intensity, this is the ________ stage of labor	transition
At what state of birth do the child’s umbilical cord (which is still attached to the neonate) and the placenta expel from the mother’s body?	third
An incision that is sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass is called	episiotomy
During childbirth, the obstetrician decides that there is a need for an episiotomy. That means	the doctor makes an incision to enlarge the size of the vagina, making it easier for the baby’s head to emerge
A standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns is called	Apgar
Which of the following is NOT measured using the Apgar scale?	pupil dilation
____________ is the close physical and emotional contact between parent and child.	Bonding
A restriction of oxygen lasting a few minutes that produces cognitive defects, such as language delays and mental retardation due to brain cell death, is called	anoxia
What is the thick, greasy, cottage-cheese-like substance that covers the newborn and smoothes the passage through the birth canal?	vernix
What is the name of the fine dark fuzz that covers a newborn and soon disappears?	lanugo
During the 1970s and 1980s, psychologists and physicians argued that _____ was a crucial ingredient for forming a lasting relationship between parent and child.	bonding
What birthing technique uses breathing techniques & relaxation, involves a coach, & provides training that allows women to cope with contractions by concentrating on their breathing to produce relaxation rather than tensing up?	Lamaze
Which childbirth method is based on the principle that childbirth should be as natural as possible. parents are urged to take responsibility for childbirth, & the use of physicians is unnecessary & dangerous?	Bradley
Which childbirth method involves a form of self-hypnosis during delivery that produces a sense of peace and calm which reduces pain	hypnobirthing
What type of a physician specializes in delivering babies?	obstetricians
What is the correct term for a baby that is newborn	neonate
The birth of a baby usually occurs _____ days after conception.	266
When the critical hormone ___________ is released in high enough concentration by the mother’s pituitary gland, the mother’s uterus begins periodic contractions.	oxytocin
Another term for “false labor,” where after the fourth month of pregnancy the uterus occasionally contracts in order to ready itself for eventual delivery, is called a(n)	Braxton-Hicks contraction
The neck of the uterus that separates it from the vagina is called	cervix
Labor proceeds in ____ stages	3
During the final part of the first stage of labor, the contractions increase to their greatest intensity; this is known as	transition
At which stage of labor does the baby’s head emerge?	second stage
When the baby is in the process of leaving the mother’s body, this is considered the _____ stage of labor.	second
When the mother’s cervix is fully dilated and her contractions increase to their greatest intensity, this is the ________ stage of labor	transition
At what state of birth do the child’s umbilical cord (which is still attached to the neonate) and the placenta expel from the mother’s body?	third
An incision that is sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass is called	episiotomy
During childbirth, the obstetrician decides that there is a need for an episiotomy. That means	the doctor makes an incision to enlarge the size of the vagina, making it easier for the baby’s head to emerge
A standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns is called	Apgar
Which of the following is NOT measured using the Apgar scale?	pupil dilation
____________ is the close physical and emotional contact between parent and child.	Bonding
A restriction of oxygen lasting a few minutes that produces cognitive defects, such as language delays and mental retardation due to brain cell death, is called	anoxia
What is the thick, greasy, cottage-cheese-like substance that covers the newborn and smoothes the passage through the birth canal?	vernix
What is the name of the fine dark fuzz that covers a newborn and soon disappears?	lanugo
During the 1970s and 1980s, psychologists and physicians argued that _____ was a crucial ingredient for forming a lasting relationship between parent and child.	bonding
What birthing technique uses breathing techniques & relaxation, involves a coach, & provides training that allows women to cope with contractions by concentrating on their breathing to produce relaxation rather than tensing up?	Lamaze
Which childbirth method is based on the principle that childbirth should be as natural as possible. parents are urged to take responsibility for childbirth, & the use of physicians is unnecessary & dangerous?	Bradley
Which childbirth method involves a form of self-hypnosis during delivery that produces a sense of peace and calm which reduces pain	hypnobirthing
What type of a physician specializes in delivering babies?	obstetricians
What is a doula?	a person well-versed in birthing alternatives who provides emotional, psychological, and educational support to the mother
Other than a physician/obstetrician who is licensed, what other person involved in childbirth requires an additional year or two of training and certification?	a midwife
What type of medication(s) produces numbness from the waist down?	traditional epidural
What type of pain reduction during childbirth uses smaller needles and a system for administering continuous doses to reduce the pain of childbirth?	dual spinal-epidural
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of administering anesthetics to the mother during childbirth?	a higher level of physiological activity in the newborn
In the United States in the 1970s, the average hospital stay for a normal birth was _____ days.	3.9
Sickle cell anemia is an example of a disorder that can be detected in newborns by	taking a tiny quantity of blood drawn from the infant’s heel.
William and Sandy’s baby was considered preterm because	the baby was born prior to 38 weeks after conception.
Preterm infants are at a high risk of illness and death because	they have not had time to fully develop
Infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception are called	preterm
The extent of danger faced by preterm babies largely depends upon	the baby’s birth weight
A baby is considered a small-for-gestational-age infant if	because of fetal growth the baby weights 90% (or less) of the average weight of other infants the same gestational age
Newborns who are born prematurely and who have a low birth weight may experience respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and require	placement in an incubator where oxygen is monitored.
When a premature infant with a low birth weight is placed in an incubator, oxygen is carefully monitored because too _____ of a concentration of oxygen _____.	high; can damage the baby’s retinas, leading to permanent blindness
Which is considered the most extreme case of prematurity?	very-low-birthweight infants
What factor can classify an infant as meeting the criteria of very low birth weight	regardless of weight, an infant who was in the womb less than 30 weeks
All are considered features of very-low-birthweight infants EXCEPT which of the following?	webs are apparent between the infant’s fingers and toes
Which of the following best describes the “age of viability”?	the point at which an infant can survive prematurely, approximately 4 months or about 22 weeks
Research indicates that the following types of care, with the exception of one, appear to be effective in helping preterm infants develop. Identify the exception.	almost constant use of an incubator
Which of the following is NOT considered a medical risk predating pregnancy?	onset of menstruation
What is the term for an infant who has not yet been born two weeks after the mother’s due date?	postmature
Melissa is two weeks past her due date, but her baby has not yet been born. Melissa’s baby is	postmature
. A birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal, is called	Cesarean delivery
What is another term for a Cesarean birth	c-section
Which of the following is NOT a warning sign during delivery that a Cesarean delivery is appropriate	the Lamaze techniques are no longer effective
If a baby is being born feet first, this is called	breech position
When the baby lies crosswise in the uterus during delivery, this is called	transverse position
The use of _______ has contributed to a sharp increase in ______.	fetal monitoring; Cesarean deliveries
What is the term for a delivery of a child who is not alive? This type of birth occurs in less than 1 delivery in 100	stillbirth
What is the term that relates to the death of a child within the first year of life?	infant mortality
The overall rate of infant mortality (defined as death within the first year of life) is	7 deaths per 1,000 live births
Which of the following is NOT considered a behavioral and environmental risk related to pregnancy?	low altitude
. What is the term for a period of deep depression following the birth of a child that affects approximately 10% of all new mothers for months or even years?	postpartum depression
Postpartum depression may be triggered by pronounced swings in hormone production that occur after birth. These hormones are	estrogen and progesterone
The brain of an average newborn is about _______ the size of what it will be in adulthood.	one fourth
. A neonate enters the world with unlearned, organized, and involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of stimuli; these responses are called	reflexes
Neonates are born with a variety of reflexes including all but which of the following?	elimination
Because a neonate’s liver does not work effectively at first, almost half of all newborns develop a yellowish tinge to their bodies and eyes called	neonatal jaundice
A neonate enters the world with all of the following abilities EXCEPT	perfect hearing
Newborns also can distinguish different colors, and they seem to prefer	blue and green
If a newborn baby hears a tape recording of his/her own crying, the baby is likely to	stop crying because the baby recognizes a familiar sound.
Research shows that which of the following senses are not only well developed but reasonably sophisticated at birth?	sense of taste and smell
Newborns are born with innate sensory abilities that they do not have to learn; however, one way they learn about their environment is via the _________ method first identified by Pavlov.	classical conditioning
The key feature to classical conditioning is	stimulus substitution
The type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response is called	classical conditioning
A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences is called	operant conditioning
The decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus is called	habituation
In what type of conditioning do infants learn to act deliberately on their environments to bring about a desired consequence?	operant conditioning
A hungry baby who stops crying when his mother picks him up because he has learned to associate being picked up with being fed demonstrates what type of learning?	classical conditioning
A newborn who shows interest and surprise at first seeing a novel toy but may not show interest after seeing the same toy several times is demonstrating what type of learning?	habituation
When the newborn’s behavior meshes with the parental behavior, this helps the ________ to grow.	baby’s social relationship skills

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