Question 1

All of the following were common subjects of Italian Renaissance works of art EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Peasant life

Question 2

“If a Prince wants to maintain his rule, he must learn how not to be virtuous, and to make use of this or not according to his need.” The passage above best reflects the argument of

Accepted Answer

Machiavelli

Question 3

Which of the following describes a major difference between northern humanists and Italian humanists?

Accepted Answer

Both looked to classical sources, but northern humanists also emphasized Christian sources.

Question 4

Advocates of northern humanism believed which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The fusion of Christian and Classical ideals provides the best definition of virtuous conduct.

Question 5

Hans Herberle, shoemaker in Ulm, southern Germany, personal chronicle compiled in the 1630s. The ability of someone of Herberle’s social status in seventeenth-century Germany to read and write was most likely the result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Protestant Reformation’s emphasis on individual study of the Bible

Question 6

Hans Herberle, shoemaker in Ulm, southern Germany, personal chronicle compiled in the 1630s. A historian could best use Herberle’s discussion of the comet as evidence for which of the following features of early modern intellectual life?

Accepted Answer

The persistence of a traditional view of the world as governed by supernatural forces

Question 7

Ferdinand and Isabella supported the expulsion or conversion of Muslims and Jews in Spain because

Accepted Answer

Ferdinand and Isabella were hostile to religious faiths other than Christianity

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the results of the Peace of Augsburg (1555) ?

Accepted Answer

It provided a legal basis for the existence of Lutheranism.

Question 9

Which of the following was the most important assumption underlying the economic philosophy of mercantilism?

Accepted Answer

The wealth of nations was limited and needed to be carefully preserved.

Question 10

Which of the following was generally supported by the mercantilists

Accepted Answer

Development of colonies

Question 11

The leading economic center of early seventeenth­ century Europe was

Accepted Answer

Amsterdam

Question 12

The ability of relatively small European forces to conquer the powerful Aztec and Incan empires can be attributed to all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

successful European missionary activity

Question 13

The eighteenth-century British quotation above is a justification for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Enclosure of common lands

Question 14

“Religion supplies the pretext and gold the motive.” This statement was a contemporary characterization of

Accepted Answer

Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World

Question 15

In early modern Europe, which of the following most directly undermined the guild system?

Accepted Answer

Entrepreneurial expansion of manufacturing into the countryside

Question 16

A major difference between Calvinism and Lutheranism relates to

Accepted Answer

emphasis on predestination

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the German Peasants’ Revolt of 1524-1525?

Accepted Answer

The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and peasant demands

Question 18

John Calvin established the center of his reformed church in

Accepted Answer

Geneva

Question 19

The map above, showing religious divisions in Europe around 1600, illustrates which of the following differences between Lutheranism and Calvinism?

Accepted Answer

Calvinists were more likely to be a minority within a state than were Lutherans.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the French Edict of Nantes (1598)?

Accepted Answer

It provided limited political and religious liberties for French Huguenots.

Question 21

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) resulted in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The guaranteed independence of numerous small German states

Question 22

The Roman Catholic Council of Trent (1545-1563) had as its primary result

Accepted Answer

reform within the Catholic church and reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine

Question 23

The most influential religious order associated with the Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) was the

Accepted Answer

Jesuit

Question 24

During the great witchcraft persecutions of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, those most often tried as witches were

Accepted Answer

older women

Question 25

Which of the following affected the status of women during the Reformation?

Accepted Answer

The suppression of nunneries and the institution of a married clergy

Question 26

The primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg (1555) was to

Accepted Answer

end the civil war between Lutherans and Roman Catholics in the German states

Question 27

Family relations in western Europe in the period 1500-1750 were generally similar to modem ones in that

Accepted Answer

the core of the family was nuclear

Question 28

Which of the following was an important consequence of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689?

Accepted Answer

Limits were put on the power of the English monarchy.

Question 29

The cartoon above from seventeenth-century England is an attempt to ridicule

Accepted Answer

fighting between royalist and parliamentary armies during the English Civil War

Question 30

A controversial aspect of the Agricultural Revolution in eighteenth-century England was the transformation of common land into private land through the process known as

Accepted Answer

Enclosure

Question 31

Improvements associated with the Agricultural Revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries began in

Accepted Answer

the Low Countries and Britain

Question 32

Between 1650 and 1750, which of the following was the most valuable export from the British and French colonies of the New World to Europe?

Accepted Answer

Sugar

Question 33

James Cook, British naval officer, describing the inhabitants of Australia, 1770. Cook’s observations concerning the material culture of the inhabitants of Australia most clearly reflect the influence of which of the following developments in Europe?

Accepted Answer

The expanded availability and use of consumer good

Question 34

James Cook, British naval officer, describing the inhabitants of Australia, 1770. Accounts of non-European peoples similar to Cook’s portrayal of the inhabitants of Australia contributed most directly to the development of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Romanticism

Question 35

By the early seventeenth century, which of the following European nations was the greatest commercial power in Europe?

Accepted Answer

The Netherlands

Question 36

Which of the following most accurately describes the political system of the Dutch republic of the seventeenth century?

Accepted Answer

Rule by wealthy merchants

Question 37

The most important political and military result of the Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia was the

Accepted Answer

rise of France as a great power

Question 38

Of the following, which was the most important result of the Peace of Utrecht (1713)?

Accepted Answer

It ended the efforts of Louis XIV to dominate continental European politics.

Question 39

Which of the following was an economic policy of Louis XIV’s finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert?

Accepted Answer

Establishing detailed manufacturing codes to improve the quality of French export goods

Question 40

The Russian woodcut above (about 1698) symbolizes Peter the Great’s

Accepted Answer

imposition of Western values on the Russian nobility

Question 41

The French Fronde is best described as the

Accepted Answer

revolt over increasing centralization of royal power

Question 42

A primary goal of Philip II of Spain was to

Accepted Answer

maintain Spanish control of the Netherlands

Question 43

The author’s statement in the first paragraph concerning Spain’s relationship with its colonies in the Americas is most likely influenced by which of the following late-eighteenth-century developments?

Accepted Answer

The emergence of new economic ideas challenging mercantilist theory and practice

Question 44

Galileo was found guilty of heresy and con­demned by the Inquisition on the grounds that he

Accepted Answer

publicly advocated Copernicus' heliocentric system

Question 45

Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon contributed to scientific development in the seventeenth century by

Accepted Answer

articulating theories of the scientific method

Question 46

Hobbes and Rousseau would have agreed that

Accepted Answer

the state is based on a social contract

Question 47

Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations advocated a system of

Accepted Answer

free trade

Question 48

The enclosure movement in eighteenth-century England did which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Encouraged the development of market-oriented agricultural production.

Question 49

Historians attribute the "population explosion" of the eighteenth century primarily to

Accepted Answer

a more abundant food supply

Question 50

The sculpture by Bernini shown above celebrates

Accepted Answer

Catholic Reformation mysticism

Question 51

The Hapsburg Emperor Charles VI (1711-1740) issued his Pragmatic Sanction in order to

Accepted Answer

guarantee the succession of his eldest daughter to the throne

Question 52

Just as the reign of Louis XIV of France is often cited as an example of absolutism, the reign of Joseph II of Austria is often cited as an example of

Accepted Answer

enlightened monarchy

Question 53

The eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophes were primarily concerned with

Accepted Answer

critical and inquiring approaches to knowledge

Question 54

The cartoon above illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Social inequalities under the Old Regime in France

Question 55

The lists of grievances, or cahiers de doléances, brought by the members of the Estates-General to Versailles in 1789 called for

Accepted Answer

tax equity

Question 56

The painting of Napoleon shown above portrays him as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An imperial ruler

Question 57

Napoleon's primary aim in establishing the Continental System was to

Accepted Answer

destroy Great Britain's economy

Question 58

At the Congress of Vienna, a principle that guided the deliberations of the diplomats was

Accepted Answer

balance of power

Question 59

The Romantic movement in late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Europe was characterized by

Accepted Answer

reaction against the principles of the Enlightenment

Question 60

The policy of extending the French Revolution beyond France’s borders was most closely associated with the

Accepted Answer

Girondin party

Question 61

Napoleon Bonaparte’s repressive occupation sparked a violent popular revolt in

Accepted Answer

Spain

Question 62

The Crystal Palace, shown above, was built in London in 1851 primarily as

Accepted Answer

celebration of British technological and economic dominance

Question 63

The incentive for the development of large factories associated with England's early Industrial Revolution was primarily connected with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The mechanization of the spinning process in the textile industry

Question 64

"By the charter..." The quotation above is a formulation of the ideas of which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

Luddites

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