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American Gov. 9th ed
Chapter 2 vocabulary; Wilson & DiIlulio, Jr. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston NY
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| Based on nature and Providence rather than on the preferences of people | unalienable |
| Constitution drafted by the newly independent states in 1777 & ratified in 1781. Created a weak nat. government that could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. 1789, it was replaced by our current Constitution in order to create a stronger nat. govt. | Articles of Confederation |
| A meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced a totally new constitution still in use today | Constitutional Convention |
| 1787 rebellion led by Daniel Shays & other ex-Revolutionary War soldiers & officers to prevent foreclosures of farms (result of high interest rates & taxes). It highlighted the weaknesses of the Confederation & bolstered support for stronger nat. govt. | Shays's Rebellion |
| 1787 Constitutional Convention compromise (reconciled small & large states' interests); Also called "Connecticut Compromise"; 2 senators from each state chosen by the state legislature; House reps. are roughly on population-based & are elected by people | Great Compromise |
| A form of democracy in which power is vested in representatives selected by means of popular competitive elections | republic |
| The power of the courts to declare acts of the legislature and of the executive to be unconstitutional and hence null and void | judicial review |
| The power of the legislature, executive, and judicial branches of government to block some acts by the other two branches. | checks and balances |
| A political system in which ultimate authority is shared between a central government and state or regional governments. | federalism |
| A principle of American government whereby constitutional authority is shared by three separate branches of government - the legislative, executive, and the judicial | separation of powers |
| According to James Madison, a group of people who seek to influence public policy in ways contrary to the public good | faction |
| Supporters of a stronger central government who advocated ratification of the Constitution. After ratification they founded a political party supporting a strong executive and Alexander Hamilton's economic policies | Federalists |
| Opponents of Federalists;Campaigned against ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of largely independent states. Successfully marshaled public support for a federal bill of rights. Formed a political party to support state's rights. | Antifederalists |
| 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay (under the name "Publius");Published in NY newspapers in 1787-88 to convince New Yorkers to adopt the proposed Constitution; Classics of Amer. constitutional & politiccal thought. | 'Federalist' papers |
| An alliance among different interest groups (factions) or parties to achieve some political goal. An example is the coalition sometimes formed between Republicans and conservative Democrats | coalition |
| Latin term: "you shall have the body"; Court order directing a police officer/sheriff/warden who has a person in custody to bring the prisoner before a judge & show sufficient cause for his/her detention; Designed to prevent illegal arrests/imprisonment | writ of habeas corpus |
| A law that declares a person, without a trial, to be guilty of crime. The state legislatures and Congress are forbidden to pass such acts by Article I of the Constitution. | bill of attainder |
| Latin:"after the fact";Makes criminal an act that was legal when it's committed but increases the penalty for a crime after it's been committed/that has changes the rules of evidence to make conviction easier/retroactive criminal law; forbidden:Article I | ex post facto law |
| A list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press. | bill of rights |
| Changes in, or additions to, the U.S. Constitution; Proposed by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress or by a convention called by Congress at the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures & ratified by approval of three-fourths of the states | amendments |
| The power of an executive to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving other; president does not have the right to exercise a line-item veto and must approve or reject an entire appropriations bill. | line-item veto |
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