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time periods
Time periods or events
Term | Definition |
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Postmodern Period | Period from 1965 to current. A time of continuance and contemplation. Spiritual malaise defined by Margaret Drabble in The Ice Age. (denial of order, fragmented universes) |
Period of the Confessional Self | Period of American literature in 1960s to current. Find chief values in self rather than society; importance in introspection and confession. Anne Sexton, Theodore Roethke, John Updike. |
Naturalistic and Symbolistic Period | Period of American literature between 1900 and 1930, divided by World War I. |
Realistic Period (American) | Period of American literature 1865 - 1900. Following Civil War. New turbulence and growing skepticism and disillusionment. Mark Twain, William Dean Howells, Henry James. |
Neoclassical Period | Period of English literature between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798. |
Romantic Period (American) | 1830-1865 In American Literature. Between the "second revolution" of the Jacksonian Era and the close of the Civil War; testing of a national and development by ordeal. |
Colonial Period | A period of American literature 1607-1765. Writing was generally utilitarian, polemical, or religious. Edward Taylor, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin. |
Federalist Period | A period of American literature between the formation of the national government and the "Second Revolution" of the Jacksonian Democracy. |
Revolutionary Age | A period of American literature 1765-1790 between the Stamp Act and formation of the federal government. |
Early Victorian Age | Period from 1832-1870; a time of gradual tempering of the romantic impulse and the steady growth of realism. |
Elizabethan Age | 1558 - 1603 in England. Great nationalistic expansion, commercial growth, and religious controversy; English drama developed, lyric poetry, and new interest in criticism. |
Late Victorian Age | Period of English literature 1870-1901; full flowering of movement to realism |
Restoration Age | The period around the restoration of the Stuarts in 1660; reflects the reaction against Puritanism, receptiveness to French influence, and dominance of classical points of view. |
Great Vowel Shift | a series of changes in the pronunciation of the English language that took place primarily between 1400 and 1700, beginning in southern England and today having influenced effectively all dialects of English |
Realistic period (English) | Period in England 1876 - 1914; a reaction to romanticism, a revolt against Victorian standards. Hardy, Kipling, Yeats, Bridges. |
Age of Johnson | Interval between 1750 and 1798. Neoclassicism was yielding to Romanticism. An interest in the past, in the primitive, and in the literature of the folk was developing. |
Age of Milton | 1625-1660; also the Puritan Age, because during the period, Puritan standards prevailed in England, and also because the greatest literary figure it was named for was a Puritan. The puritans struggled for righteousness and liberty |
Age of National Expansion | 1815 - 1860 in America; Rapid economic, territorial, and demographic changes in the first half of the nineteenth century challenged the new republic to define and extend the democratic ideals established in the previous century. |
Age of Reason | A term generally used for the Enlightenment in the late 17th and 18th centuries; emphasized self-knowledge, self-control, rationalism, discipline, and rule of law, order and decorum. |
Age of Romantic Movement | Period in England 1798-1832; Wordsworth and Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads and ended in 1832 with the death of Scott. |
Revolutionary and Early National Period | Ended with the "second revolution" and represented by the ascendency of Jacksonian democracy. 1765-1830. Revolutionary ideas gave way to Federalists. |
Contemporary Period | From 1945 to the present, this era followed the Modernist time period, and it is also known as the Postmodernism period. |
Modernist Period | Period of English literature beginning in 1914 (WWI) and ended by 1965; strenuousness of WWI, then uncertainty. |
Edwardian literature | The period between the death of Victoria in 1901 and the beginning of WWI in 1914. Attitude of criticism and questioning. |
Georgian literature | Period of English literature 1914-1940. Fiction that was a serious commentary on social and moral values |
Jacobean literature | During the reign of James I of England 1603-1625. Breach between puritan and cavalier widened. Growth of cynicism. Followed Elizabethan age. |
Restoration literature | Restoring of the Stuarts in 1660 in latter part of 17th century. Reaction against Puritanism, receptiveness to French influence, dominance of classical point of view. |
Victorian literature | Literature between 1837 and 1901. Complacency, hypocrisy, squeamishness of the time period. |
Early Tudor Age | 1500 - 1557; Literary experimentation and importation from French and Italian; Tottel's Miscellany published; Saint Thomas More and Sir Thomas Elyot were important figures. |
Caroline Age | Age of Charles I of England (1625-1642) and the spirit of the court. Covers Cavalier/Puritan literature or the royalist group. |
Anglo-Norman Period | Period in English literature 1100-1350 also called Early Middle English Period; frequently dated from the conquest in 1066; crusades and dominance of French literature |
Middle English Period | Period in England between the replacement of French by Middle English as the language of court and early appearance of definitely Modern English writings 1350-1500 |
Old English Period | Period in England between invasion by the Teutonic tribes around 428 and establishment of Norman rule around 1100 following conquest by William the Conqueror. |
Commonwealth Interregnum | Period between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and restoration under Charles II in 1660. Only significant new drama was "The Siege of Rhodes" by Davenant; a lot of prose written, such as Milton and Hobbes |
Arts and Crafts Movement | A movement beginning in northern Europe in late 19th century that emphasized utility, individual craft, handiwork, simplicity, artistic versatility, and local native materials. |
Enlightenment | Philosophical movement of 18th century; Celebrated reason, scientific method, human beings' ability to perfect themselves and their society. |
Great Awakening | A phrase applied to a great revival of emotional religion in America; its height was 1740-1745 under Jonathan Edwards. Effort to reform religion and morals. |
Renaissance | Means "rebirth" commonly applied to the period of transition from the medieval to the modern world in Western Europe. 1500-1642. Turned to classics for inspiration. Humans were glorious creatures capable of individual development. |
Augustan Age | Specifically refers to the age of the emperor that it was named after (27 BC to AD 14); notable for perfection of letters and learning; applied to other eras when literary culture was high |
Romantic Period (English) | 1798-1870 in English Literature. Period between publication of Lyrical Ballads and the death of Dickens; value of the individual, nature and organic concept of art. |
Modernism and Consolidation | American literature 1930-1960. A steadily increasing concern with social or sociological issues. Hemingway and Faulkner were prominent. Literature was either of conformity or confusion. |
Harlem Renaissance | first major, self-conscious literary movement of African-American writers; a result of massive migration to northern cities after WWI. |
Age of Sensibility | Last half of the 18th century in England, earlier called the Age of Johnson. Interval between 1750 and 1798 is a seed field for emerging romantic qualities in literature; originality of individual talent. |
Diminishing Age | 1940-1965 English literature. Elizabeth II crowned 1952. Weakened foreign influence and major internal economic and political problems. |
Period of Conformity | 1950s America, strong emphasis on traditional roles, suburban living, adherence to social norms. |
Anglo-Saxon Period | late 5th century to 1066 CE; era of West Germanic tribes settling in Britain after withdrawal of Roman Empire, ending with Norman Conquest. |