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American Gov. 9th ed

Chapter 3 vocabulary; Wilson & DiIlulio, Jr. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston NY

DefinitionTerm
Current effort to scale back the size and activities of the national government and to shift responsibility for a wide range of domestic programs form Washington to the states (in recent years, these areas included welfare, health care, and job training). devolution
Grants of money from the federal government states for programs in certain general areas rather than for specific kinds of programs block grants
A political system in which ultimate authority is shared between a central government and state or regional governments. federalism
Supreme or ultimate political authority; a sovereign government is one that is legally and politically independent of any other government sovereignty
System in which sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government so that subnational political units are dependent on its will unitary system
Political sytem in which states or regional govts. retain ultimate authority except for those [pwers that they expressly delegate to a central government. The United States was a confederation from 1776-1787 under the Articles of Confederation confederation or confederal system
System in which sovereignty is shares so that on some matters the national govt. is supreme and on others the state, regional, or provincial governments are supreme federal system
Political system in which local units of government have a specially protected existence and can make final decisions over some governmental activities federal regime
Final paragraph of Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers; also called "elastic clause" because of the flexibility that it provides to Congress "necessary and proper" clause
Theory first advanced by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson that the states had the right to "nullify"(when declared null and void) a federal law that violate the Constitution in the state's opinion; revived by John C. Calhoun of S. Carolina nullification
Constitutional theory that the national government & the state governments. each have defined areas of authority, especially over commerce dual federalism
Municipal corporation or municipality that has been charters by a state to exercise certain defined powers and provide certain specific services city
Legal term for a city; chartered by the state to exercise more powers & provide certain services municipal corporation or municipality
Charter that denies the powers of a certain named city and lists what the city can and cannot do. special-act charter
Charter applying to number of cities that fall w/in a certain classification, usually based on city pop.;some states all cities w/ pops. over 100k are govd. on basis of one charter; all cities w/ pops. between 50k and 99,999 are govd. by a different one general-act charter
Legal principle that holds that the terms of city charters are to be interpreted narrowly;named after a lawyer who wrote a book on the subject (1911);municipal corp. exercise those powers necessarily essential to the accomplishment of, the stated powers. Dillon's rule
Charter that allows the city government to do anything that is not prohibited by the charter or by the state law home-rule charter
Laws passed and enforced by a city government ordinances
largest territorial units between a city and a town counties
Local or regional government with responsibility for some single function such as administering schools, handling sewage, or managing airports special-district governments or authorities
Special-district government responsible for administering public schools school districts
Power of the state to promote health, safety, and morals police power
Procedure allowing voters to submit a proposed law to a popular vote by obtaining a required number of signatures initiative
Practice of submitting a law to a popular vote at election time. The law may be proposed by a voter's initiative or by the legislature referendum
A procedure, in effect in over twenty states, whereby the voters can vote to remove an elected official from office recall
Federal funds provided to states and localities; typically provided for airports, highways, education, and major welfare services grants-in-aid
Federal grants for specific purposes defined by federal law; usually require that the state or locality put up money to "match" some part of the federal grants, though the amount of matching funds can be quite small categorical grants
Law providing for the distribution of a fixed amount/share of federal tax revenues to the states for spending on almost any govt. purpose; distribution was intended to send more money to poorer, heavily taxed states; ended in 1986 revenue sharing
Federal rules attached to the grants that states receive. State must agree to abide by these rules in order to receive grants conditions of aid
Rules imposed by the federal government on the states as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements that the states pay the costs of certain nationally defined programs mandates
The flow of power and responsibility from states to local governments second-order devolution
The use of nongovernmental organizations to implement public policy third-order devolution
Created by: Aizre
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