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SOC 200 final exam
Modules 5-8 quiz to study for final exam
| Term/question | Definition/answer |
|---|---|
| Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class? | Upper class is often defined as having control over one’s life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over one’s own life. |
| What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility? | How much education you have. |
| A person’s position in a country’s social stratification is determined by: | Wealth, power, income, race, education |
| Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification? | Karl Marx |
| Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: | Most people only socialize with people in their same social class. |
| One main issue in studying global social inequality is: | Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures. |
| What is particularly unique about the United States middle class? | It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class. |
| What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States? | The decline of the middle class |
| Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? | Middle Class |
| Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world? | africa |
| Which is an effect of extreme poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature? | lack of education |
| How is global stratification different from social stratification? | Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals. |
| Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein’s classification is preferred by sociologist? | Wallerstein’s classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric. |
| Why does U.S. companies continue outsourcing efforts despite their negative impacts on U.S. workers? | Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers. |
| Which of the following best defines the term globalization? | The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market. |
| Which of the following is an example of convergence theory in action? | Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more job opportunities and prosperity for its citizens. |
| Jin is a conflict theorist sociologist. Which of the following statements about Occupy Wall Street would most align with Jin’s sociological perspective? | Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger. |
| The term xenophobia can best be defined as: | An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods. |
| Which economic system involves restless expansion and investment to accumulate capital? | capitalism |
| Americans are marrying younger today than ever before. | False |
| The family in which we grow up is known as the | family of orientation. |
| Ray and Debra are a married middle-class couple with three children. Ray and Debra’s family meets the definition of | a nuclear family |
| Cohabitation before marriage has been found to have little effect on the success of a marriage. | True |
| What factor influences the rate of singlehood in America? | all of the answers |
| Social media can have a detrimental affect on self esteem. | True |
| Which of the following concepts refers to interactive media that allows people to communicate with one another and to form communities based on interests and goals? | Social media |
| Current divorce rates are: | steadily declining |
| A group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together in a household is | the definition of family used by the U. S. Census Bureau. |
| The Symbolic-Interactionist perspective can be used to explain how the mass media and social media ________ | shapes the reality we experience. |
| Jai is able to use the Internet to select reliable sources for his research paper, but Stella just copies large pieces of web pages and pastes them into her paper, Jai has ______________ while Stella does not. | e-readiness |
| The digital divide is the uneven access to technology among different races, classes, and geographic areas. | true |
| The use of social media to create an online persona by only posting images that match your ideal self exemplifies the _________ that can occur in forms of new media. | social construction of reality |
| The fact that your cell phone is using outdated technology within a year or two of purchase is an example of _________________. | planned obsolescence |
| The ________ can be directly attributed to the digital divide, because differential ability to access the internet leads directly to a differential ability to use the knowledge found on the Internet. | knowledge gap |
| Which theoretical perspective would argue that the norms of traditional, heterosexual, middle-class families are promoted in mass media? | conflict |
| Popular culture provides truthful and positive depictions of relationships in the media. | false |
| Functionalist would support social media because teens/young adults claim it makes them feel more connected to their friends and significant others. | true |
| Research shows that children of same sex couples, have lower rates of behavioral problems and higher rates of self-esteem. | true |
| ____________ tend to be more pro-technology, while _________ view technology as a symbol of the coldness of modern life. | technophiles; Luddites |
| Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? | courtship |
| Scores on IQ tests correlate highly with: | ethnic differences, academic performance, and economic differences |
| A considerable amount of what is learned in school has nothing to do with the formal content of the academic lessons. The teaching of values, attitudes, and habits constitute the: | hidden curriculum |
| A sociological analysis of education would include: | the relationship between education and social inequality, school as a socializing agent, and the social functions that schools provide |
| For most people in premodern times, learning took place in: | home |
| The practice of dividing students into groups that receive different instruction on the basis of assumed similarities in their ability or attainment is called: | tracking |
| Performance differences and the United States’ low rankings in education have been attributed to differences in social background. | true |
| The 1972 case Mills vs. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for ___________________. | access to education for all children |
| Durkheim pointed to three functions of religion for society. Which of the following is NOT one of them? | fostering social conflict |
| State churches are found in societies that hold to the "separation of church and state." | false |
| A cult is a religious organization well outside of a society's cultural traditions | true |
| Religion is a social institution that is best defined as involving | beliefs and practices concerning what is sacred |
| Secularization refers to the historical rise in the importance of religion. | false |
| Social research has found that students placed in the “low achieving” group—mostly African American, Latino, and poor students—received a _______ education as a result. | poorer |
| The Protestant work ethic asserts protestant values (i.e. diligence, discipline and savings) directly influenced the rise of capitalism and helped create the modern world order. | true |
| Which theoretical perspective contends that religion creates a place for social interaction and social control? | functionalism |
| A totem is any object defined by members of a society as profane | false |
| Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: | liberation theology |
| Which of the following is the best definition of social change? | The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations. |
| Which of the following best defines a social movement? | A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal. |
| A brother and sister who now have a new baby sister have turned from a _______ to a _________. | dyad; triad |
| The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is a non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. which advocates for equal rights and marriage rights of gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual citizens. The HRC is a ____ group: | reform |
| An airplane has crashed on a deserted island off the coast of Fiji. The survivors are forced to develop new guidelines on how to behave in order to adapt to the situation and each other. This is an example of which theory? | Emergent norm |
| What was the significance of the U.S. Supreme Court case Reynolds v. Sims? | It reaffirmed the concept that each person’s vote should be counted equally. |
| From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government? | Lobbying for domestic corporate interests |
| Hitler was an example of what kind of authority? | Charismatic |
| Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged? | Karl Marx |
| Which sociological perspective would consider activism such as Occupy Wall Street and Teacher’s Union rallies undesirable, because they force political change? | functionalism |
| Which of the following contributes lower percentage of voter turnout from those who come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds? | Lower-paying jobs frequently have less flexible hours, making time to vote difficult. |
| A representative democracy can be defined as: | A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests. |
| Kelly wants to shop at H&M for the new school year, but because all of her friends shop at Lululemon, Kelly does as well. Kelly’s behavior is an example of: | conformity |
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy: | Personality-based promotion |
| An instrumental leader: | Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks. |
| Elena enrolls in a local community college so they can one day become an engineer. Elena is about to become a member of a: | Utilitarian organization |
| Legal protection of voting rights, such as the 19th amendment and the Voting Rights Act ensure equal voting power for all individuals within the United States. | false |
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Yomamadaddyson