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American Gov. 9th ed
Chapter 8 vocabulary; Wilson & DiIlulio, Jr. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston NY
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| The person currently in office | incumbent |
| The tendency of lesser-known or weaker candidates to profit in an election by the presence on the ticket of a more popular candidate | coattails |
| A committee set up by & representing a corporation, labor union, or special-interest group that raises & spends campaign contributions on behalf of one or more candidates or causes | political action committee (PAC) |
| Drawing the boundaries of political districts so that districts are very unequal in population | malapportionment |
| Drawing the boundaries of political district to bizarre or unusual shapes to make it easy for candidates of the party in power to win elections in those districts | gerrymandering |
| An increase in the votes that congressional candidates usually get when they first run for reelections | sophomore surge |
| An issue dividing the electorate on which rival parties adopt different policy positions to attract voters | position issue |
| An issue on w/c voters distinguish rival parties by the degree to w/c they associate each party/candidate w/ conditions/goals/symbols the electorate universally approves/disapproves of examples of such issues are economic prosperity & political corruption | valence issue |
| An election used to fill an elective office | general election |
| An election prior to the general election in w/c voters select the candidates who will run on each party's ticket;before this, a presidential primary is held to select delegates to the presidential nominating conventions of the major parties | primary election |
| A primary election limited to registered party members; prevents members of other parties from crossing over to influence the nomination of an opposing party's candidate | closed primary |
| A primary election that permits voters to choose on election day the primary in w/c they wish to vote; they may vote for candidates of only one party | open primary |
| A primary element that permits all voters, regardless of party, to choose candidates; a Democratic voter, for ex., can vote in a blanket primary for both Democratic and Republican candidates for nomination. | blanket primary |
| A second primary election held in some states when no candidate receives a majority of the votes in the first primary; the runoff is between the two candidates w/ the most votes; runoff primaries are common in the South | runoff primary |
| Primary election; an election prior to the general election in w/c primary voters select the candidates who will run on each party's ticket | presidential primary |
| Spending by political action committees on political manners that is done directly and not by giving money to a candidate or party | independent expenditure |
| Funds solicited from individs, corps, & unions that are spent on party activities, such as voter-registration campaigns & voting drives, rather than on behalf of a specific candidate; these funds need not to be reported to the Federal Election Commission | soft money |
| Voting for a candidate because one favors his or her ideas for addressing issues after the election | prospective voting |
| Voting for or against the candidate or party in office because one likes or dislikes how things have gone in the recent past | retrospective voting |
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Aizre
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