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NPTE: Neuro Review
Neuro Definitions/Treatment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Ideational Apraxia | Loss of ability to carry out familiar purposeful movmts in the absence of motor/sensory impairment; esp inability to use objects correctly |
| Define Ideomotor Apraxia | Inability to imitate a learned motor task or behavior |
| Function of Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscus Tracts | Discriminatory touch, proprioception, vibration |
| Function of Spinothalamic Tracts | Pain & Temperature |
| Presentation of CVA involving Middle Cerebral Artery | Contra hemiplegia UE > LE, loss of sensation in arms/face, Homonymous hemianopsia common |
| Presentation of CVA involving Anterior Cerebral Artery | Contra hemiplegia LE > UE & sensory loss. Possible mental confusion, aphasia, contra neglect |
| Presentation of CVA involving Posterior Cerebral Artery | Persistent pain syndrome or contra pain/temp/sensory loss can occur. Homonymous hemianopsia, aphasia, thalamic pain syndrome |
| Presentation of CVA involving Vertebral-basilar Artery | Often Death due to edema assoc with infarct. If lesion effects Pons, quadriparesis/bulbar palsy or "locked in" state. Vertigo, coma, diplopia, nausea, dysphagia, ataxia |
| Stage I of Brunnstroms | Flaccidity |
| Stage II of Brunnstroms | Synergies begin to appear; Spasticity begins to develop, minimal voluntary mvmnt |
| Stage III of Brunnstroms | Spasticity increases & may become more severe, voluntary control of mvmnt synergy appears |
| Stage IV of Brunnstroms | Some movement ind of synergies, spasticity begins to decline |
| Stage V of Brunnstroms | If pt progresses, synergies no longer dominant, mvmnt becomes more complex |
| Stage VI of Brunnstroms | Spasticity gone; mvmnt & coordination approach normal |
| Typical UE Flexor Synergy | Scapular elevation & retraction, Shoulder ABD & ER, Elbow Flex, Forearm Supination, Wrist & finger Flex |
| Typical LE Flexor Synergy | Hip Flex, ABD, & ER, Knee Flex, Ankle DF with inversion, Great toe EXT, Other toes Flex |
| Typical UE Extensor Synergy | Scapular depression & protraction, Shoulder ADD & IR, Elbow Ext, Forearm Pronation, Wrist & Finger Flex |
| Typical LE Extensor Synergy | Hip Ext, ADD, & IR, Knee Ext, Ankle PF with inversion, Toe Flex & ADD |
| 4 Ds of Brainstem Dysfunction | Dysphagia, Dysarthria, Diplopia, Dysmetria |
| Right Hemisphere Perceptual Problems Assoc with Stroke | Hand-eye coordination, irritability, short attention span, difficulty learning, can't retain info, poor judgement affecting safety, diminished body image w/ L side neglect, quick & impulsive, Problems with spacial relationships |
| Left Hemisphere Perceptual Problems Assoc with Stroke | Apraxia, difficulty starting & sequencing tasks, perseveration, easily frustrated, high levels of anxiety, inability to communicate verbally, cautious & slow |
| Presentation of in Brown-Sequard Syndrome | Hemi-section of SC; Ipsi weakness/motor paralysis, loss of proprio/vibration/2pt discrimination AND Contra loss of pain/temperature |
| Presentation of Cauda Equina Syndrome | sensory loss, paralysis, loss of bowel & bladder control |
| Define Broca's Aphasia | Non-fluent/Expressive Aphasia: speech is awkward, restricted, interrupted, produced with effort; due to lesion of 3rd frontal convolution of L hemisphere |
| Define Wernick'e Aphasia | Fluent/Receptive Aphasia; spontaneous speech is preserved, flows smoothly; auditory comprehension is impaired |
| Define Global Aphasia | severe, marked impairments in comprehension & production of language |
| Which type of tremor will be present with cerebellar disorders? | Intention Tremor |
| Which type of tremor will be present with Parkinson's Disease? | Resting Tremor |
| Define Apraxia | inability to perfomr mvmnts previously learned even though there is no loss of strength, coordination, sensation or comprehension |
| Describe Horner's Syndrome | ptosis of eyelid, constriction of pupil, sweating of ipsi face often accompanying stroke involving ant inf or post inf cerebellar arteries |
| What is the lowest score possible on the Glascow Coma Scale? | 3 |
| What is the highest score possible on the Glascow Coma Scale? | 15 |
| What are the five stages of grief, in order? (Kubbler-Ross Model) | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, & Acceptance |
| In custom wheelchair fitting, what are the guidelines for measuring for seat height/length? | Measurement taken from user's heel to popliteal fold; 2" added to allow clearance of foot rest |
| In custom wheelchair fitting, what are the guidelines for measuring seat depth? | Measurement taken from user's post buttock, along lateral thigh to popliteal fold; ~2" subtracting from measure to avoid pressure from edge of seat against popliteal space. |
| In custom wheelchair fitting, what are the guidelines for measuring seat width? | Measurement taken at widest space of user's buttock or thighs; 2" added to measure to provide space for bulky clothing, orthoses, or clearance of trochanters from arm rest side panel |
| In custom wheelchair fitting, what are the guidelines for measuring back height? | Measurement taken from seat of chair to floor of axilla with user's shoulder flexed to 90; 4" subtracted from measure to allow final back height to be below inf angle of scapula |
| In custom wheelchair fitting, what are the guidelines for measuring arm rest height? | Measurement taken from seat of chair to olecronan process with user's elbow flexed to 90; 1" added to this measure |
| Averages sizes for adult wheelchair | 16" seat depth/ 18" seat width/ 20" seat height/length |
| ADA Required Maximum Width of Doorways | 32" |
| ADA Required Maximum Depth of Doorways | 24" |
| ADA Required Hallway Clearance | 36" |
| ADA Required Height of Toilet | 17-19" from floor to top of toilet |
| ADA Requirement for Accessibility of Hotel Rooms | ~ 2% of total rooms must be accessible |
| ADA Requirement for Grab Bar Placement | 33-36" from floor level |
| ADA Requirement for Bathroom Sink Height | Not less than 29" |
| Define Astereognosis | Inability to recognize objects by touch alone |
| Define Ataxia | Uncoordinated movement, especially gait |
| Define Athetosis | Slow, involuntary, worm-like, twisting motions. Usually seen in forms of cerebral palsy. |
| Define Causalgia | burning sensations, which are painful. Often associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I (aka Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy) |
| Define Chorea | Rapid, involuntary jerky movements. Seen esp in Huntington's chorea |
| Define Decerebrate Rigidity | Contraction of the extensor muscles of the UEs with contraction of extensor muscles of the LEs |
| Define Decorticate Rigidity | Contraction of the flexor muscles of the UEs with contraction of the extensor muscles of the LEs |
| Define Delirium | Temporary confusion and loss of mental function. Often a result of illness, drug toxicity or lack of oxygen. Often reversible |
| Define Dysmetria | Inability to judge distances. Seen esp in cerebellar dysfunction |
| Define Reciprocal Inhibition | Inhibition of muscles antagonistic to those being facilitated. Essential for coordinated movement. |
| Define Somatagnosia | A lack of awareness of the relationship of one's own body parts or body parts of others. |
| Damage to the Optic Nerve will cause... | Blindness in one eye (monocular) |
| Damage to the optic chiasm will cause... | Bitemporal Hemianopsia; a visual deficit on the outside halves of both eyes |
| Damage to the contralateral optic tract will cause... | Homonymous Hemianopsia; a visual deficit of either the right or left halves of both eyes |
| Facilitation or Inhibition: Quick Stretch | Facilitation |
| Facilitation or Inhibition: Joint Approximation | Facilitation |
| Facilitation or Inhibition: Prolonged static muscle stretch | Inhibition |
| Facilitation or inhibition: Tapping of muscle belly or tendon | Facilitation |
| Facilitation or Inhibition: Neutral Warmth | Inhibition |
| Facilitation or Inhibition: Prolonged Icing | Inhibition |
| Most appropriate communication for Receptive Aphasia | Use word repetition and manual cues to assist in communicating desired actions during rehab (Wernicke's) |
| Most appropriate communication for Expressive Aphasia | Phrase questions for simple "yes" or "no" responses to avoid confusion & frustration. (Broca's) |
| Most appropriate communication for Global Aphasia | Use symbolic gestures to reduce chance of overestimating patient's ability to understand speech |
| Spinothalamic Tracts carry... | Ascending tracts that carry conscious pain, temperature, crude touch, and pressure. |
| Spinocerebellar Tracts carry... | Ascending tracts that carry unconscious proprioception to cerebellum which is responsible for coordination. |
| Dorsal column/Medial Lemniscus pathways carry... | Ascending tracts that carry discriminative touch and proprioception. |
| Corticospinal Tracts carry... | Descending tracts originating in cerebral cortex and responsible for voluntary motor control. |
Created by:
zimrizzle
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