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PTAdynamo
Anatomy of the Brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Meninges protect the brain and spinal cord and what else? | Enclose and protects blood vessels that supply the CNS and contains the CSF. |
| What are the layers of the meninges? | Dura Mater, Arachonoid, and Pia Mater |
| What are the two sheets of the Dura Mater? | Outer periosteal and Inner meningeal. |
| What are the parts of the Dura Mater? | Falx Cerebri, Falx Cerebelli, and Tentorium Cerebelli |
| What does the Falx cerebri attach to? | Attachs to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone. |
| What part of the dura mater that lies between the right and left lobes of the creebellum? | Falx Cerebelli |
| What part of the dura mater that dips down into and runs along the entire lenght of the median longitudinal fissure? | Falx Cerebri |
| The tentorium cerebelli sits where? | The space between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum |
| The _________________ ______________ are the spider web-like filaments that extend down from the middle meningeal layer to the pia mater. | Arachnoid Trabeculations |
| What if the CSF absorded by in that push through the duramater and filter CSF out to the superior sagittal sinus and venous system? | Arachnoid villi |
| What four things does the pia mater hold together? | Brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and cauda equina. |
| The filum terminale extends down fromthe tip of the conus medullaris to what ligament with helps to anchor the spinal cord within the spinal canal? | Coccyxgeal ligament |
| What are the lateral extension of pia mater that attach to the archnoid and dura mater to stablilize the spinal cord laterally? | Dentate Ligaments |
| Name 3 things that describe a Epidural hematoma? | Cause: trama to head, Symtoms: within hours, and need surgery to stop brain injury. |
| Name 3 things that describe a Subdural hematoma? | Cause: blow to head or fall, symtoms: show up in weeks later, and misdiagnosed for a CVA because they usally show up in the elderly that have fragile vessels. |
| Where is the subarachnoid space located and what is it filled with? | Located in large space sperating the arachnoid and pia layer and is filled with CSF |
| How is CSF made? | In the ventricles (95% formed in lateral ventricles)and choroid plexus |
| What is the internal system? | Ventricles in the brain |
| What is the external system? | Subarchnoid space |
| Where is old CSF absorbed by? | Thru the arachnoid villi into the superior sagittal sinus |
| How much CSF is produced a day? | 500ml |
| What are the functions of CSF? | 1. Maintain constant external enviro. for neurons and glia 2.Provides mechanical cushion that portects the brain and spinal cord 3. Allows brain to float-buoyancy reduces weight from 1400 to 50 grams |
| What is the Ventricalar system? | Internal system of CSF which have four chambers |
| What are the 3 horns of the lateral ventricles? | Anterior horn-frontal lobes, Posterior horn-occipital lobe, and Inferior horn-temporal lobe. |
| 95% if of CSF is made where? | Lateral Ventricle |
| Where does the CSF pass thru to the third ventricle? | Interventricular Foramen |
| The 3rd ventricle is located between the walls of the right and left diencephalon. Which consists of what in the center of the brain. | Thalams and Hypothalamus |
| CSF leaves the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle through what? | Cerebral aqueduct loacted in the mid brain |
| Where is the 4th ventricle located? | In the brainstem at the back of the pons and the medulla |
| After the fluid leaves the 4th ventricle where does it travel to? | It travels downward in the central canal of the spinal cord |
| It exits thru what openings in the 4th ventricle? | Exits from 3 small openings called APERATURES and then fills the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord |
| Can CSF fluid go any which way through the aperatures? | No they are one way |
| What is Hydocephalus? | 1.over secretion of choroid plexus 2.impaired absortion by arachnoid villi, caused by ^venous pressure 3.obstruct pathway, tumor, congenital, scaring |
| Spinal tap is done where on the spine? | L3 L4 or L4, L5 from subarachnoid space |
| Why is a spinal tap used? | Diagnose disorders and administer drugs. Also looks at intracranial pressue levels of sugar, and CI |
| Intracranial pressure is caused by? | Head trama, swelling, CVA, Tumors |
| Symtoms of Intracranial pressure? | Headache, dizziness, behavior changes |
| Intracranial pressure is diagnosed by doing what? | Looking into the eye for papilledema from Optic disc of the retina. swelling puts pressure on the optic nerves |
| The brain has a barrier made up of what? | Walls of cappilaries in the brain that are different than those of the rest of the body |
| The barrier is least permeable prevents blood borne toxins and bacteria from entering, but nutrients and ions nedded by neurons are? | Oxygen, but also allows harmful molecules such as nicotine, ETOH and drugs in |
| What 2 main arteries supply the brain? | Vertebral-foramen magnum and Internal carotid-sella tursica |
| (Pathway of the carotid)The common carotid bifucates into what? | Internal and External carotid |
| (Pathway of the carotid)Internal carotid enters skull and bifurcates? | Anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries |
| (Pathway of the carotid)Anterior communicating joins what? | Anterior cerebral arteries join to the right and left side of the blood supply |
| (Pathway of Vertebral arteries)2 vertebral arteries travel up through where and enter the skull thru the froamen magnum? | Transverse process of the cervical vertebrae |
| (Pathway of the carotid)Vertebral arteries merge into what? | The Basilar artery |
| (Pathway of the carotid)Basilar arter splits into? | Right and left posterior cerebral ateries |
| (Pathway of the carotid)Posterior communicating connests what? | Blood flow to the posterior to the anterior |
| What is the circle of Willis? | Is fromed by the communicating arteries so that the perfusion of blood to the brain can still be achieved even if one of the major arteries is damaged |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Anterior cerebral is located where? | Passes forward and the up and into the median longitudinal fissure, back to the parietoccipital fissure. |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Anterior cerebral supplies? | The medial surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres and brain |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Middle cerebral is located where? | Passes between the lateral fiffure between the temporal and frontal lobes |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Where is the most common site for a CVA? | Middle Cerebral Artery |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Middle cerebral supplies what part of the brain? | Supplies most of the lateral surface of teh cerebral hemispheres |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Posterior cerebral is located? | Passes between the occiptal lobe and the cerebellum |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Posterior cerebral function ? | Supplies occiptal lobe and posterior portion of th e temporal lobe |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Basilar artery is where? | Runs along the inferior surface fo the brainstem |
| (Arteries that supply the brain)Basilar supplies what? | The pons, medulla and parts of the cerebellum |
Created by:
demiller243
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