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Ethics in Com
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Human beings have a sense of the self, in the sense that they situate themselves somewhere in ethical space. A human being exisits in space of ethical questions: To escape all atandards would not be liberation but a terrifying lapse into disorientation. | Charles Taylor |
| We must always expect a gap between ideals and their attainment, between principles and their application. Ideals reflect genuine beliefs, intentions, and aspirations. | Thomas Nilsen (Chapter 1) |
| Doctrine of the mean (termed by others as the Golden Mean) "moral virtue usually represents a mean or itermediate point between two vices- the vice of ecsess and the vice of deficiency | Aristotle |
| A society without ethics is a society doomed to extinction. The basic concepts and theories of ethics provide the framework necessary for working out one's own moral or ethical code. | S. Jack Odell |
| An ethical system does not solve all one's practical problems, but one cannot choose and act rationally without some explicit or implicit ethical system. ethical theory does not tell a person what to do in any given situation. Makeing up mind what to do | Carl Wellman |
| the crucial moral characteristic of the human condition is the dual expierence of freedom and the will and personal responsibility. | Thomas Szasz |
| On the one hand, freedom unrestrained by clear moral norms begets anarchy. On the other hand, moral norms that have the force of law often stifle freedom. This tension is inevitable in a nation that wishes to be both moral and free. | Stephen Carter |
| believes there is no moral or ethical issue when person unintentionally or accidently use unsound evidence or illogical resoning. However "persons who set out to deliberatly decive others by means od improper resoning are morally culpable." | Nicholas Rescher |
| he suggests that moral action typically is the outcome of four complex and interrelted physical process. All four must be present for the moral act to occur: moral sensitivity, moral judgment, moral motivation, moral character. | James Rest |
| When we act we do not only do something we also shape our own character, our choices about what to do is also a choice about whom to be or more accuratley whom to become | Karen Lebacqz |
| the false premise that the world is a tidy place of truth and falsity, right and wrong, without the ragged edges or uncertain risk. they argue making moral judgment and handling moral dilemas require the balancing of often ill-defined claims. | Klaidman and Beauchamp |
| As human beings develop they tend to adopt patterns of actions, and dispositions (sometimes called character) to act in a certain way. | Richard DeGeorge |
| develops a political perspective. Isolates four values that he believe are basic to walfare of our political system. 1.Respect 2. Fairness 3. Freedom 4. Citizens | Karl Wallace |
| offers one version of a "degree of rationality" political perspective for judging communication ethics. He believes enhancement of the human capacity to reason logically. | Franklyn Haiman |
| the ethical touchstone should be "the degree of free, informed, and critical choice" which is fostered by communication on matters significant to us. Ethical communication techniques are those that foster significant choice. | Thoman Nilsen (Chapter 2) |
| Ethical political argument should allow differeing sides to be heard, should not distort evidence, should grant intergirity of opponents, should avoid name-calling, and other personal attacks, and should strive toward consensus as much as possible. | Kathleen Hall Jamieson |
| presents framework for evaluating the ethics of public communication on societal controversies. He elaborates ten "ground rules" or ethical guidelines for scrutinizing communication on controversial public issues. | Sidney Hook |
| argues that the ethical public communicator promotes freedom of expression and takes the initiatice in speaking out on public issues as well as encouraging citizen's participation in public decision making. | Robert White |
| identifies civility, sincerity, community, and tolerance as values crucial for optimum functioning of a democracy in our republic. Also identifies rationality, reflexivity, and moderation. | Mortimer Sellers |
| I-thou and I-it significantly influence the concept of communication as dialouge. Personal relationships are seen on an I-it to I-thou continuum with roughly 5 positions. | Martin Buber |
| provides a 2nd major influence for the concept of communication. The process is client centered, nondirective approach to psycotherepy. Similar tactics like Buber | Carl Rogers |
| Objects can be talked about and even animals can be tlaked to. But only persons can be talked with and engage in mutually responsive communication. | John Steward |
| probes the nature of arguments. He identifies three stances of arguer toward arguers: the rhetorical rapist, the rhetorical seducer, and the rhetorical lover | Wayne Brockriede |
| all humans are "born rhetorics" who desire to persuade and be persuaded. | Richard M. Weaver |
| offer interpersonal communication as a supplement for judging ethics of persuasion. They demand a speaker be sensitive to listener freedom of choice and be willing to tolerater listener repsonce contrary to the one sought. | Paul Keller and Charles Brown |
| ethical guidelines for determining human communication transaction. | John Makay and William Brown |
| observe difficulty in human nature at the expense of other equall essential aspects. | Christopher Lyle Johnstone |
| skepticism concerning the use of human nature as a basis for ethical norms. | Richard Bernstein |
| Ethics of commuication judged by 1. Communicator intent 2.nature of means employed 3. accompanying circumstances | Aristotle (Chapter 3) |
| believe that Aristotle advocated the use of rational appeals only and condemned any unethical use of emotion or non-logical appeals. | Robert Rowland and Deanna Womack |
| person becomes more truly human in proportion to their behavior becoming more conscious and reflective. | Thomas Garrett |
| find that "unique nature of a human being is rooted in 2 complicated and interlocking processes which generate all capacities that we call human. One is the symbol-using capacity the other is the "unique need of human beings for other human beings" | Henry Wieman and Otis Walter |
| "man is the symbol-using animal, inventor of the negative, and separtated from his natural condition." | Kenneth Burke |
| Presents 2 forms of his categorial Imperative 1."Act only on that maximum which you can at the same time will to become universal law." 2. Always act so that you treat humanity as an end and never merely as a means. | Immanuel Kant |
| working toward a comprehensive theory of "communicative competence" 1st concept- the basic assumption that undergrid all normal human communication 2nd- essential elements of an ideal communication situation | Jurgen Habermas |
| argues that 1 unique capacity of humans is their ability to generate or create knowledge in and during the actual process of communication. | Robert Scott |
| believes that what is distinctively human ought to be fostered and perpetuated toward ourselves we have duties of resoluteness and openess -towards others gentleness and compassion | Henry Johnstone Jr. |
| believes that is a fundamental sense rhetoric best viewed as "advocacy realities" | Barry Brummett |
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