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Midterm 1 (CRJU)
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What Latin word does the word investigate come from? | Vestigare |
Criminalistics | A specialists trained in recording, identifying, and interpreting the minute details of physical evidence. |
Criminalists | A person who searches for collects and preserves physical evidence in investigations of crime and supsected criminals. |
Inductive Reasoning | Going from the generalization and establishing it by gathering specific facts. |
Locard's Principle of exchange | A basic forensic theory holding that objects that come in contact with each other always transfer material, however minute, to each other. |
Inductive Reasoning | Going from the generalization and establishing it by gathering specific facts |
Fact | A statement that can be proven. |
Characteristics of an effective report | Factual, Accurate, Objective, Complete, Concise, Clear, Grammatically and Mechanicaly Correct, Written in Standard English, Paragraphs, Past Tense, First Person, Active Voice, Audience Focused, Legible and On Time |
Chain Of Evidence | Documentation of what has happened to the evidence from the time it was discovered until it is needed in court. |
Tool Mark | An impression left by a tool on a surface |
Informant | Anyone who can provide information about a case but who is not a complainant, witness, victime or suspect. |
Rapport | An understanding between individuals created by genuine interest and concern. |
Beachheading | "Question First |
Criminal Profiling | Identifying an individual's mental, emotional, and psychological characteristics. |
Surveillance | Discreet observation of people or places |
Raid | Organized operation based on the element of surprise |
Adversary System | Establishes clearly defined roles for both the prosecution and the defense and sets the judge as the neutral party. |
Testimonial Evidence | Information obtained through interviewing and interrogating individuals about what they saw, heard, or know. |
Documentary Evidence | Mockups and scale models of objects or places related to the crime scene and helps juries visualize more clearly what they are unable to view personally. |
Best Evidence | The original evidence or highest available degree of proof that can be produced |
Direct Evidence | Establishes proof of a fact without any other evidence |
Indirect Evidence | Evidence that tends to incriminate a person |
Circumstantial Evidence | Evidence from which inferences are drawn. |
Trace Evidence | A subset of direct evidence pertaining to small items, such as hair or fibers. |
Prima Facie Evidence | Evidence established by law |
Associative Evidence | Evidence that links a suspect with a crime. |
Corpus Delicti Evidence | Evidence that establsihes that a crime has been commited |
Probative Evidence | Evidence that tends to prove guilt or innocence. Vital to investigation and prosecution. |
Material Evidence | Evidence that has a direct influence on the decision of a case |
Relevant Evidence | Evidence that applies to the matter in question |
Competent Evidence | Evidence that has been properly collected, identified, filed and continuously secured. |