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AP Govt Court Cases

AP US Government and Politics Key Court Cases

QuestionAnswer
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) - Ruled that federal regulations on interstate commerce were superior to state regulations.
Engel v. Vitale (1962) - Ruled that government had no right to write prayers and require people to say them.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) - Ruled that court-appointed lawyers must be provided to those who cannot afford them and who are facing at least six months in jail.
Heart of Alabama Motel v. United States (1964) - Ruled that Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce extended to those activities that could harm interstate commerce.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) - Ruled that a person has the right to be made aware of their legal rights prior to being questioned.
Oregon v. Mitchell (1970) - Ruled that Congress has the power to change the voting age in national elections, not state and local elections.
Roe v. Wade (1973) - Ruled that states may regulate but not ban abortion.
United States v. Nixon (1974) - Ruled that only conversations related to the duties of the presidency are covered by executive privilege.
Rostker v. Goldberg (1981) - Ruled that Congress could omit women from the draft because women should not be put in combat and the purpose of the draft was to call up combat-ready troops.
Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton (1995) - Ruled that random drug tests of student athletes did not violate student rights. The school district's interest in fighting drug abuse was greater than students' interests.
Clinton v. New York City (1998) - Ruled that the line-item veto was unconstitutional because it gave the president the power to make budget decisions, a power reserved to Congress.
Gratz v. Bollinger/Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) - Ruled that adding "points" for being a minority in a formulaic system of admissions to University of Michigan was unconstitutional. Ruled that using race as a factor in admissions to University of Michigan Law School was constitutional.
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