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WH Ancient Greece
BGHS 9th grade in Savoia's class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mycenaeans | Indo europeans who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 BC |
| Trojan War | Thought to be completely fictional, fought around 1200 BC, in which an army led by Myncenaean kings attacked the independent trade city of Troy in Anatolia |
| Dorians | a Greek speaking people that, according to tradition, migrated into the mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization |
| Homer | The greatest story teller, according to Greek tradition. The Trojan Wars were the backdrop for his two great epics "the Iliad" and "The Odyssey" |
| Epics | Long narrative poems celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes |
| Myths | Traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society |
| Polis | a Greek city-state; the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 BC |
| Acropolis | a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city |
| Monarchy | a government in which power is in the hands of a king or queen |
| aristocracy | a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility |
| oligarchy | a government in which power is in the hands of a few people- esp. one in which rule is based on wealth |
| phalanx | a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields |
| tyrants | in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing the poor for support |
| helots | in the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land |
| Democracy | a government controlled by it's citizens, either directly or through representatives |
| the Persian Wars | a series of wars in the fifth century BC, in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire |
| Direct Democracy | a democracy in which the citizens rule directly rather than through representatives |
| classical art | the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and balance were emphasized |
| tragedy | a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character |
| comedy | a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick an satire |
| peloponnesian war | a war, lasting from 431 to 404 BC in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies |
| Philosophers | thinkers who use logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality |
| Socrates | he believed that absolute standards did not exist for truth and justice. He encouraged Greeks to go further and question themselves and their moral character |
| Plato | in his most famous work, "The Republic", he sets forth his vision of a perfectly governed society. In this society, people would fall into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class |
| Aristotle | He questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge. He invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic, which he later applied to problems in the fields of science, physics, and biology |
| Macedonia | an ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 BC |
| Demosthenes | an Athenian orator who tried to warn the Greeks of the threat Philip and his army posed. He urged them to unite against him |
| Alexander the Great | Philip's son immediately proclaimed himself king of Macedonia after Philip's death |
| Darius III | The persian king who vowed to crush the Macedonians, he raised a huge army of between 50,000-75,000 men to face the Macedonians near Issus |
| Hellenistic | Relates to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late second century BC |
| Alexandria | An African city that became the foremost center of commerce and hellenistic civilization |
| Euclid | A highly regarded mathematician who opened a school of geometry in Alexandria. His best known book, "The Elements", contained 465 carefully presented geometry propositions and proofs |
| Archimedes | an important Hellenistic scientist that studied in Alexandria. He accurately estimated the value of pi-the circumference of a circle to its diameter. He also explained the law of the lever and invented the compound pulley to lift heavy objects |
| Colossus of Rhodes | an enormous Hellenistic statue that formally stood near the harbor of Rhodes |
| Pericles | statesman who tried to unite the country under leadership of Athens, also promoting democracy in Athens. His rule is known as the "Golden Age of Greece" |
Created by:
baladucci
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