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Hum 101 final pt 2
chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| altruism | the quality of acting out of concern for the welfare of others rather than one's own |
| capitalism | economic system based on Adam Smith's philosophy that if people are allowed to make as much money as they can, others will profit also |
| categories | according to Immanuel Kant, mental "compartments" that we are born with, which allows us to interpret data from the senses; an inborn sense of reason allows us to understand spatial relationships ("nextness") as well as moral and immoral actions |
| englightened self-interest | condition in which wise rulers impose, for unselfish reasons, their own political philosophy in order to have an effective gov't that provides for people better than those people could provide for themselves |
| laissez-faire | French phrase meaing "allow to do"; an economic policy of allowing businesses the freedom to operate with little or not gov't control |
| Machiavellian | pertains to the manipulation of others thru duplicity; derived from Machiavelli's theory of gov't that advocates a powerful leader who exerts power over others |
| moral | an adjective indicating a choice between significant options, based on principles derived from reason, family teachings, education, religion or law |
| moral absolution | belief that a given set of moral standards, derived from reason, religion, or culture, is universally binding |
| moral imperative | in Kantian philosophy, the inborn capacity to understand what is right when we are faced with moral decisions; one of the Kantian categories or "mental compartments" |
| moral mathematics | a scientific system of making choices between options based on projected quantifiable positive or negative effects |
| moral relativism | the belief that moral standards are not universal but, rather, vary depending on time, culture, and situation |
| moral system | a network of beliefs that can form the basis on which a moral choice is made; e.g. religious laws or Socratic reasoning |
| morality | the study of moral systems by which significant choices are made; in popular usage, the user's sense of right conduct, so that a given person is said to bee or not be "moral" |
| utilitarianism | belief founded on Bentham's moral mathematics that b/c moral choices have a sci. base, they shouldn't be made for individuals by rulers supporting any particular moral system but the result of logical analysis of the # of people who could benefit |
Created by:
courtney_b90
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