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IOS 9 Exam 2

Ocular and Otics

QuestionAnswer
What are factors that make drug delivery to eye difficult? Tear volume (7-8uL), corneal structure, Sclera and conjunctiva , bioavailability
Way we over come tear volume issue We use ointments, supsension, liposomes, gel systems
Way we over come corneal structure The duel hydrophilic/hydrophobic compounds can pass the hydrophobic epithelium and hydrophilic stroma
Ways we over come sclear and conjunctiva Better absorption of hydrophillic drugs
Ways we over come bioavailability Lacrimal drainage can be addressed by changes in the formulation we cannot address tears(protein binding) or lysozymes (metabolism)
Requirments of opthalmic solutions Sterility (autoclave or filter), isotonicity (boric acid), Buffeing (increase bioavailabity and comfort pH=7.4 of eye), Viscosity (increase in viscocity increase drug contact remember temperature increase-decrease viscosity, Particulate free (microionized
Solution requirements Drug must be completely soluble, does not intefere with vision, requires frequent dosing, No need to shake
Gel-forming solution requirements Low viscosity polymer: gels with low temperature, pH, can intefere with vision but there is increased contact time, and no need to shake
Suspension requirements Finely powdered relatively insoluble drugs, can intefere with vision, but increased contact time, shake well
Drugs delivery-Opthalmic ointment lipohilic drugs are more likely to penetrate the eye, but ointments cannot be sterilized
Lacrisert as drug delivery Methylcellulose insert dissolves in the eye, used to treat dry eye
Contact lenses as drug delievery Clinical trials to see if works for sustained release of medications
Otic solutions and suspensions Usually formulated with anhydrous glycerin and propylene glycol to increase contact time, hygroscopity (draw water from the inflammed tissue out)
Otic suspensions Cortisporin pH variations between generic and innovator can be within 1 SD this generic at times can be harsh on eye. PediOtic created to have close pH 4.8 vs innovators 4.1
Created by: liza001
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