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American Gov. 9th ed
Chapter 13 vocab; Wilson & DiIlulio, Jr. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston NY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bureaucracy | A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. The department and agencies of the U.S. government make up the federal bureaucracy. |
| Spoils System | Another phrase for political patronage--that is, the practice of giving the fruits of a party's victory, such as jobs and contracts, to the loyal members of that party. |
| Lasseiz-faire | An economic theory that government should not regulate or interfere with commerce. |
| Discretionary Authority | The extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws. |
| Competitive Service | The government offices to which people are appointed on the grounds of merit as ascertained by a written examination or by having met certain selection criteria (such as training, educational attainments, or prior experience). |
| Name-request Job | A job to be filled by a person whom a government agency has identified by name. |
| Iron Triangle | A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group that often becomes a mutually advantageous alliance. |
| Issue Network | A network of people in Washington-based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media who regularly discuss and advocate public policies--say, health care or auto safety. |
| Authorization Legislation | Legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency. An authorization bill may grant permission to spend a certain sum of money, but that money does not ordinarily become available unless it is also appropriated. |
| Appropriation | A legislative grant of money to finance a government program. |
| Trust Funds | Funds for government programs that are collected and spent outside the regular government budget; the amounts are determined by preexisting law rather than by annual appropriations. The Social Security trust fund is the largest of these. |
| Annual Authorization | An annual legislative permission to begin with or continue a government program or agency. An authorization bill may grant permission to spend a certain sum of money, but that money does not ordinarily become available unless it is also appropriated. |
| Committee Clearance | The ability of a congressional committee to review and approve certain agency decisions in advance and without passing a law. Such approval is not legally binding on the agency , but few agency heads will ignore the expressed wishes of committees. |
| Legislative Veto | The rejection of a presidential or administrative-agency action by a vote of one or both houses of Congress without the consent of the president. In 1983 the Supreme Court declared the legislative veto to be unconstitutional. |
| Red Tape | Complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done. |
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