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Peds - Drugs to Know
the list of drugs Peters says we need to know
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tylenol - generic name | Acetaminophen |
| Acetaminophen - trade name | Tylenol |
| Tylenol/acetaminophen classification | antipyretics, nonopioid analgesics |
| Tylenol/acetaminophen indications for use | mild pain, fever |
| Tylenol/acetaminophen safe dose for children | PO children 1-12 yrs 10-15 mg/kg/dose q 4-6 hrs as needed. not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hrs |
| Tylenol/acetaminophen side effects | hepatic failure, hepatotoxicity (overdose), renal failure (high doses/chronic use), neutropenia, pancytopenia, leukopenia, rash, urticaria |
| Tylenol/acetaminophen pt teaching | check concentrations of liquid preparations. Errors result in serious liver damage. |
| Tylenol/acetaminophen nursing considerations | if overdose occurs, use acetylcysteine |
| Advil - generic name | ibuprofen |
| Ibuprofen - trade name | Advil, motrin |
| Advil/ibuprofen - classification | antipyretics, antirheumatics, nonopioid analgesics, NSAIDs |
| Advil/ibuprofen indications for use | mild to moderate pain, juvenile RA, lowering of fever |
| Advil/ibuprofen safe dose for children | PO infants and children 4-10 mg/kg/dose q 6-8 hrs, not to exceed 40 mg/kg/day |
| Advil/ibuprofen side effects | headache, dizziness, drowsiness |
| Advil/ibuprofen pt teaching | calculate and measure doses accurately, check labels of OTC products to prevent giving child more than one ibuprofen product, don't give to dehydrated children. |
| Advil/ibuprofen nursing considerations | pts with asthma, aspirin-induced allergy, and nasal polyps are at increased risk for developing hypersensitivity reactions. |
| Amoxicillin - trade name | Augmentin |
| Augmentin - generic name | Amoxicillin |
| Augmentin/amoxicillin - classification | anti-infectives, aminopenicillins/beta lactamase inhibitors |
| Augmentin/amoxicillin - indications for use | treatment of a variety of infections: skin/skin structure infections, otitis media, sinusitis, resp. tract infections, GU tract infections |
| Augmentin/amoxicillin - safe doses for children | PO children > 40 kg 250 mg q 8 hr or 500 mg q 12 hr |
| Gentamicin - trade name | Cidomycin, Garamycin |
| Cidomycin - generic name | gentamicin |
| Gentamicin - classification | anti-infectives, aminoglycosides |
| Gentamicin - indications for use | treatment of serious gram-negative bacillary infections and infections caused by staphylococci when penicillins or other less toxic drugs are contraindicated. |
| Gentamicin - safe dose for children | IM, IV Children >5 yrs 2-2.5 mg/kg/dose q 8 hr IM, IV Children 1 mo-5 yr 2.5 mg/kg/dose q 8 hr |
| Gentamicin - side effects | ataxia, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
| Gentamicin - pt teaching | report signs of hearing loss, hypersensitivity, tinnitus, vertigo, rash, dizziness, or difficulty urinating. important to drink plenty of liquids. |
| Gentamicin - nursing considerations | assess for infection before and during therapy. evaluate CN VIII throughout therapy. Monitor I/O to assess hydration status/renal function. |
| Augmentin/amoxicillin - side effects | diarrhea, rashes, anaphylaxis, serum sickness |
| Augmentin/amoxicillin - pt teaching | notify health care professional immediately if diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, or bloody stools occurs. calculate/measure doses accurately. |
| vancomycin trade name | Lyphocin |
| Lyphocin generic name | vancomycin |
| vancomycin (Lyphocin) classification | Anti-infectives |
| vancomycin (Lyphocin) indications for use | Treatment of potentially life-threatening infections when less toxic anti-infectives are contraindicated. Particularly useful in staphylococcal infections. |
| vancomycin (Lyphocin) safe dose for children | IV (Children > 1 month): 40 mg/kg/day divided q 6-8 hr. maximum dose: 1 g/dose |
| vancomycin (Lyphocin) side effects | Nephrotoxicity, phlebitis, anaphylaxis |
| vancomycin (Lyphocin) pt teaching | Report signs of hypersensitivity, tinnitus, vertigo, or hearing loss. Notify health care provider if no improvement is seen in a few days. |
| vancomycin (Lyphocin) nursing considerations | Monitor IV site closely (severe pain with extrvasation). Evaluate VIII cranial nerve. |
| prednisone trade name | Sterapred |
| Sterapred generic name | prednisone |
| prednisone (Sterapred) classification | antiasthmatics, corticosteroids |
| prednisone (Sterapred) indications for use | used systemically/locally in wide variety of chronic diseases: inflammatory, allergic, hematologic, neoplastic, autoimmune, prevention of organ transplantation, asthma. |
| prednisone (Sterapred) safe dose for children | PO (children) <2 mg/kg/day, in various divided doses |
| prednisone (Sterapred) side effects | depression, euphoria, hypertension, anorexia, nausea, acne, decreased wound healing, ecchymosies, fagility, hirsutism, petechiae, adrenal suppression, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, cushingoid appearance. |
| prednisone (Sterapred) pt teaching | stopping meds suddenly can result in adrenal insufficiency, this can be life-threatening. Causes immunosuppresion and masks symptoms of illness, keep away from contagious people. |
| prednisone (Sterapred) nursing considerations | children should have periodic evaluations of growth. If ordered daily/every other day, administer in the morning to coincide w/body’s normal secretion of cortisol. |
| prednisone (Sterapred) pt teaching cont. | Avoid vaccinations. Immediately report severe abdominal pain or tarry stools. Tell doctors about medication before treatment or surgery. |
| prednisone (Sterapred) nursing considerations cont. | Administer with food. Tablets may be crushed and admin. w/food. Do not confuse prednisone with methylprednisolone or primidone. |
| albuterol trade names | Proventil, Ventolin, Accuneb |
| Proventil generic name | albuterol |
| Ventolin generic name | albuterol |
| Accuneb generic name | albuterol |
| albuterol classification | bronchodilator, adrenergic |
| albuterol indications for use | control/prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma |
| albuterol safe dose for children | Inhaln (MDI, children >4 yr) 2 inhalations q 4-6 hr or 2 inhalations 15 min before exercise (90 mcg/spray). Inhaln (nebulizer, children 2-12) 0.15 mg/kg/dose (min 2.5 mg) q 20 min for 3 doses, then 0.15-0.3 mg/kg (not over 10 mg) q 1-4 hr prn. |
| albuterol side effects | nervousness, restlessness, tremor, chest pain, palpitations |
| albuterol pt teaching | albuterol may cause an unusual or bad taste. Rinse mouth with water after each inhalation to min. dry mouth. Caution about overuse of inhalers, which can cause heart damage and life-threatening arrhythmias. |
| albuterol nursing considerations | do not confuse Salbutamol (albuterol) with Salmeterol. Use spacer with inhaler for children <8 yrs of age. |
| ribavirin trade names | Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole |
| Virazole generic name | ribavirin |
| Rebetol generic name | ribavirin |
| Copegus generic name | ribavirin |
| ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole) classification | antiviral, nucleoside analogues |
| ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole) indications for use | treatment of severe lower resp. tract infections caused by the resp. syncytial virus (RSV) |
| ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole) safe dose for children | 300mL of 20 mg/mL solution delivered via mist for 12-18 hr/day |
| ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole) side effects | hemolytic anemia, emotional lability, anorexia, vomiting, fever |
| ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole)pt teaching | Explain purpose and route of treatment. Inform that ribavirin may cause blurred vision and photosensitivity. |
| ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole) nursing considerations | assess for infection, resp. status, and fluid status before and throughout therapy. Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity prior to therapy. |
| metaclopramide trade name | Reglan |
| Reglan generic name | metaclopramide |
| Reglan (metaclopramide) classification | antiemetic |
| Reglan (metaclopramide) indications for use | prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis. treatment of postsurgical gastric stasis. facilitation of small bowel intubation in radiographic procedures. treatment and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. |
| Reglan (metaclopramide) safe dose for children | Postoperative nausea/vomiting, IM/IV: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/dose, repeat in 6-8 hr if needed. Chemotherapy, PO/IV: 1-2 mg/kg 30 min before therapy. |
| Reglan (metaclopramide) side effects | drowsiness, extrapyramidal reactions, restlessness |
| Reglan (metaclopramide) pt teaching | unintentional overdose has been reported in infants and children with the use of metoclopramide oral solution. teach parents to accurately read labels. |
| Reglan (metaclopramide) nursing considerations | monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered consciousness, irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, and diaphoresis). |
| Reglan (metaclopramdie) safe doses cont. | Small bowel intubation, IV: (children 6-14 yr)2.5-5 mg (do not exceed 0.5 mg/kg) over 1-2 min. (children <6) 0.1mg/kg over 1-2 min. |
| Desferal generic name | deferoxamine |
| deferoxamine trade name | Desferal |
| Desferal (deferoxamine) classification | antidotes, heavy metal antagonists |
| Desferal (deferoxamine) indications for use | acute toxin ingestion. Secondary iron overload syndromes associated with multiple transfusion therapy. |
| Desferal (deferoxamine) safe dose for children | Acute iron ingestion (children >3 yr), IM,IV: 20 mg/kg then 10 mg/kg q 4 hr for 2 doses. Additional doses of 10 mg/kg q 4-12 hr may be needed (not to exceed 6g/24 hr. |
| Desferal (deferoxamine) safe dose cont. | Chronic iron overload (children >3 yr), IM, IV: 500 mg-1g daily; additional doses of 2 g should be given IV for each unit of blood transfused. |
| Desferal (deferoxamine) side effects | red urine |
| Desferal (deferoxamine) pt teaching | reassure pt that red urine is expected and reflects excretion of iron. advise not to take vit C preparations because tissue toxicity may increase. |
| Desferal (deferoxamine) nursing considerations | monitor signs of iron toxicity, VS, I/O, urine color. may cause oculotoxicity or ototoxicity. report decrease visual acuity or hearing loss. |
| pancrelipase trade names | Creon, Pancrease, Viokase |
| Creon generic name | pancrelipase |
| Pancrease generic name | pancrelipase |
| Viokase | pancrelipase |
| pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Viokase) classification | digestive agents, pancreatic enzymes |
| pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Viokase) indications for use | pancreatic insufficiency |
| pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Viokase) safe dose for children | PO (children) 1-3 capsule(s) before or with meals; dosage may be increased as needed, or 1-2 delayed-release capsule(s), or 0.7 g powder. |
| pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Viokase) side effects | abdominal pain (high doses only), diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps |
| pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Viokase) pt teaching | dosage should be adjusted for fat content of diet. 300 mg of pancrelipase is needed to digest every 17 g of dietary fat. do not chew tablets, swallow quickly with plenty of liquid. |
| pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Viokase) nursing considerations | assess nutritional status prior to and during therapy. monitor stools for high fat content. assess pt for allergy to pork. administer immediately before or with meals and snacks. pancrelipase is destroyed by acid. |
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