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Political Science
Exam 1: The American Political System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| conflict, competition, cooperation, community | characteristics of politics and democracy in America |
| what democracy and the Bill of Rights have protected | minority rights |
| the will of the larger proportion of the population | majority rule |
| bending to will of majority who want to enrich themselves; majority rule v. minority rights | excessively democratic |
| citizens vote on most issues themselves (California) | direct democracy |
| U.S. system of government; election of representatives who vote on issues | indirect democracy |
| power flows from a variety of different sources; emphasizes Montesquieu's ideals | Pluralist Theory |
| "man is rational by nature" | Plato |
| vertical division of power between national and state governments in which each part directly enforces its laws on the people and neither can change the arrangement | federalism |
| obstruction of action, frustration of national policy, and obstruction of uniformity in policy | problems of federalism |
| Protection of liberty, decentralization, increased participation, improvement of efficiency, ensure's policy innovation, manages conflict | importance of federalism |
| over how many governments are in the US | 87,000 |
| type of intergovernmental relation that does not exist in the constitution | state-local |
| under federalism, the 3 types of intergovernmental relations | nation-state, state-state, state-local |
| "government should rule in accordance with Truth" | Plato |
| wrote "The Republic" | Plato |
| "man must participate directly in government" | Aristotle |
| "government should be a virtuous republic" | Aristotle |
| wrote "Politics" | Aristotle |
| "man is willing to submit to a social contract" | Locke |
| "government should secure Liberty" | Locke |
| wrote "Two Treatises of Government" | Locke |
| "man should be concerned with the concentration of power" | Montesquieu |
| "government should secure Liberty by separation of power" | Montesquieu |
| wrote "The Spirit of the Laws" | Montesquieu |
| "ideal form of government could be discovered through the exercise of human reason" | Plato |
| described the nation-state as consisting of a hierarchy | Plato |
| "Law, based on custom and tradition, has no place in government." | Plato |
| father of political science | Aristotle |
| "man is political by nature | Aristotle |
| categorized governments as good or bad depending on who benefited from the government's actions | Aristotle |
| explicitly states the Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states by the Constitution of the United States are reserved to the states or the people. | 10th amendment |
| "Man in not political by nature; consent to government to protect rights (Social Contract)" | Locke |
| "power concentrated is oppressive" | Montesquieu |
| population, territory, permanence, political organization, sovereignty | elements of a state |
| has existed and continues to exist | permanence |
| (1) supreme political authority, (2) capable of enforcing authority (compulsory), (3) relatively free from outside interference | sovereignty |
| abolished slavery | 13th amendment |
| amendment that added a Citizenship Clause, Due Process clause, and Equal Protection Clause | 14th amendment |
| part of 14th amendment that broadened the definition of citizenship to include blacks | citizenship clause |
| the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were drafted because of what event | civil war |
| Decentralization, autonomy, powerful state legislators, and sovereignty were characteristics of _________ __________ under the Articles of Confederation. | the states |
| Simplicity and limited power were the characteristics of ____ _________ __________ under the Articles of Confederation. | the national government |
| Unicameral, simplicity, and limited power were the characteristics of _________ under the Articles of Confederation. | Congress |
| could not tax, draft military, control interstate commerce, and took unanimous vote to amend Articles of Confederation | limitations on national government |
| unstable environments and lack of funds to national government | problems under the Articles of Confederation |
| Massachusetts; disadvantaged farmers and slaves revolted; led to the Philadelphia Convention | Shay's Rebellion |
| What is the structure of a confederacy? | decentralization and power lies with the states |
| What is a contemporary example of a confederacy? | U.N. and E.U. |
| plan that proposed bicameral Congress apportioned by population and equal representation | Virginia Plan |
| plan that proposed a unicameral Congress based solely on equal representation | New Jersey Plan |
| the plan that combined some of the ideas from the Virginia and New Jersey Plans | Connecticut Compromise |
| What were the characteristics of the Connecticut Compromise? | bicameral Congress and 3/5 rule |
| Most common system of government; central government has control over states. Example is England. | Unitary System |
| 2/3 vote in congress --> voted on by legislature of 3/4 of states | usual method for passing amendments |
| 2/3 vote in congress --> voted on by conventions in 3/4 of states | method used once for passing amendments |
| national convention called by congress by the request of 2/3 of states --> voted on by either legislature of 3/4 of states or conventions of 3/4 of states | method never used to pass amendments |
| importation of slaves could not be prohibited prior to 1808, but a tax/duty could be imposed | Commerce Compromise |
| group of essays written in support of ratification of the Constitution | Federalist Papers |
| What was the pseudonym the Federalists used? | Publius |
| Who were the Federalists who wrote the Federalist papers? | Jay, Hamilton, and Madison |
| popular sovereignty, republicanism, separation of powers, Federalism, limited government, checks & balances, supremacy of national law, a dynamic constitution | elements of a liberal republic |
| the people hold supreme power; political equality | popular sovereignty |
| representative form of government | republicanism |
| The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. | 10th amendment |
| Amendment that prohibited each government in the US from denying citizens the right to vote based on the citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". | 15th amendment |
| Amendment that allows congress to levy an income tax. | 16th amendment |
| clause of the 14th amendment to prohibit state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness. | Due Process |
| clause of the 14th amendment that requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction. | Equal Protection Clause |
| grants branches of government some authority over other branches | checks and balances |
| Constitution -> Congress -> state -> local (hierarchy of laws) | supremacy of national law |
| What are the two types of Constitution? | liberal and restrictive |
| What is another name for liberal Constitution? | dynamic constitution |
| general terms that broadly structures government and leaves the rest to legislature | liberal constitution |
| detailed language that specifies all details too branches of government | restrictive constitution |
| cannot suspend writ of habeus corpus, cannot pass expost facto, cannot issue bill of attainder | limitations on national government |
| cannot coin own money or enter into treaties with foreign nations | limitations on state government |
| judicial review; writ of mandamus; John Marshall | Marbury v. Madison |
| obstruct action; segregation; government took away funding to states that would not desegregate | Brown v. Board of Education |
| Supreme Court case that established implied powers for Congress | McCulloch v. Maryland |
| The article of the constitution that includes: * prohibitions of the national and state governments, * the enumerated/"expressed" powers of the government, and * the necessary and proper / elastic clause | Article I |
| The article of the constitution that explains the presidency and electoral college. | Article II |
| The article of the constitution that: establishes one supreme court and allows congress to create additional courts. | Article III |
| The article of the constitution that 1) lays out how states interact, 2) includes the "full faith and credit" clause, and 3) contains the privileges and immunities clause | Article IV |
| The article of the constitution that explains the amendment process. | Article V |
| The article of the constitution that has the Supremecy Clause. | Article VI |
| The article of the constitution that explains ratification of the constitution. | Article VII |
| clause that gives congress implied powers | necessary and proper clause |
| clause in which each state must recognize the public acts of other states | full faith and credit clause |
| clause requiring states to provide citizens of other states the same rights as their own citizens | privileges and immunities clause |
| What amendment is the Reservation Clause found in? | 10 |
| makes the Constitution the "Law of the Land" | Supremacy Clause |
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