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science-AP European
Science-AP European History-2011 Gilstrap mid-year review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Newtonian World View | based in reductionism, determinism, materialism, and a reflection-correspondence view of knowledge, 1727-present, led to enlightenment and scientific advances in the 20th century |
| Auguste Comte | French philosopher, a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism. |
| positivism | refers to a set of epistemological perspectives and philosophies of science which hold that the scientific method is the best approach to uncovering the processes by which both physical and human events occur |
| Charles Darwin | established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection. |
| On the Origin of Species | Charles Darwin's first book on Natural Selection. Was an is widely read in the intellectual community |
| Natural Selection | process by which traits become more or less common in a population due to consistent effects upon the survival or reproduction of their bearers |
| The Descent of Man | a book on evolutionary theory by English naturalist Charles Darwin, first published in 1871. Darwin's second great book on evolutionary theory |
| Herbert Spencer | developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies |
| Ernst Mach | As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and through his criticism of Newton, a forerunner of Einstein's relativity |
| Henri Poincaré | a mathematician and physicist, he made many original fundamental contributions to pure and applied mathematics, mathematical physics, and celestial mechanics |
| Wilhelm Roentgen | a German physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as X-rays or Röntgen rays |
| Henri Becquerel | French physicist, Nobel laureate, and the discoverer of radioactivity along with Marie Curie and Pierre Curie |
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