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A&P II exam II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is the mass of tissue from the sternum to the vertebral column between the lungs. | mediastinum. |
| this is the layer that protects the heart. | epicardium. |
| to which side of the body is the apex pointed? | to the left. |
| which of the following consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue? | fibrous pericardium. |
| this is used to reduce the friction between membranes of the heart. | pericardial (serous) fluid. |
| this consists of mesothelium and connective tiessue. | epicardium. |
| which layer consists of cardiac muscle tissue? | myocardium. |
| this is used to increase the capacity of the atrium. | auricle. |
| this marks the boundary between the ventricles. | anterior and posterior intercentricular sulcus. |
| these extend into the auricle | pectinate muscles. |
| through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle. | tricuspid valve. |
| what types of tissue comprise the valaves of the heart? | dense irregular connective tissue. |
| from the left ventricle, where does blood pass? | aortic semilunar valve. |
| in a fetus, this structure temporarily shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta. | ductus arteriosus. |
| as each ventricle contracts, where does blood move? | into an artery. |
| as each atrium contracts, where does blood move? | through an atrioventricular valve. |
| which of the below valves prevents blood from flowing back from the lungs? | pulmonary valve |
| in this disorder the aortic valve is narrowed. | aortic stenosis. |
| this heart structure carries deoxygenated blood. | left atrium and ventricle. |
| this vessel distributes oxygenated blood to the myocardium. | coronary artery. |
| cardiac muscle fibers electrically connect to neighboring fibers by | gap junctions. |
| which of the following contains the largest amount of mitochondria? | cardiac muscle. |
| this is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart. | conduction system. |
| this is the correct sequence of structures that allows the normal sequence of excitation to progress through the heart. | sa node, av node, bundle of his, purkinje fibres. |
| by comparison, cardiac muscle cells have ____ contraction plateau time than skeletal muscle cells. | a longer. |
| this is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute. | cardiac output. |
| this term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction occurs and blood pressure rises. | systole. |
| which of theses periods represents greatest cardiac output? | ventricular systole. |
| the second heart sound represents which of the below events? | semilunar valves closing. |
| this part of the heart can initiate a contraction and can set a constant heart raet of about 100 beats per minute. | sinoatrial valve. |
| simulation of this nerve reduces heart rate. | vagus nerve. |
| which of the below reduces heart rate? | increased potassium levels. |
| this part of the brain regulates heart rate. | medulla oblongata. |
| this elctrical event represents repolarization of the ventricle. | t wave. |
| which of the below factors would increase stroke volume? | increased pre load, decreased after load, increased contractility. |
| this electrical event triggers contraction of the atria. | p wave. |
| which of the following is the blood vessel that distributes blood to organs? | arteries. |
| this is a blood vessel that conveys blood from the tissues back to the heart. | vein. |
| which artery wall is responsible for vasoconstriction? | tunica media. |
| this layer of the artery is composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers. | tunica externa. |
| when an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle contracts producing | a vascular spasm. |
| elastic arteries function as a | pressure reservoir. |
| these vessels make up the largest blood reservoir. | veins and venules. |
| this vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries. | arterioles. |
| which of the below is not found in arteries but is found in veins? | valves. |
| capillaries are also known as | exchange vessels. |
| which of the below is the most important capillary excahnge method? | diffusion. |
| these control the flow of blood through a capillary bed. | precapillary sphincter. |
| continuous capillaries can be found in the following tissues. | skeletal muscle, smooth muscel connective tissue lungs, all the above. |
| the alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called | collateral circulation. |
| the largest factor that promotes reabsorption of fluids, into blood, from the intersitial flud is | blood osmotic pressure. |
| the pressure driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial flue is called | filtration. |
| this is the volumeof blood that flows through any tissue in a given time period. | blood flow. |
| blood flow depends on which of the following criteria? | blood pressure and systemic vascular pressure. |
| which of the below would not increase blood pressure? | decreased cardiac output. |
| which of the below factors do not increase systemic vascular resistance? | decreased vessel length. |
| this depends mostly on the ratie of rbc to plasma volume. | blood viscosity |
| circulation time | in a resting person is normally 1 min. |
| the cardiovascular center is located | in the medulla oblongata. |
| which of the below factors is most important in forcing blood flow through veins? | muscular activity |
| which of the below would be the response of the body as a result of decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors? | increased blood pressure. |
| which of the following hormones would not cause an increase in blood pressure? | atrial natriuretic peptide. |
| chemoreceptors in blood vessels measuring high levels of blood carbon dioxide would not cause which of the following. | decreased respiratory rate. |
| the myogenic response make smooth muscle | contract more forcefully when stretched. |
| what do these chemicals have in common: potassium, hydrogen ions, laactic acid, nitric oxide, and adenosine. | they are all potent vasodilators. |
| where can pulse not be felt? | capillaries. |
| this pressure provides infomration about the condition of the cardiovascular system such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus. | pulse pressure. |
| this type of shock is due to decreased blood volume. | hypovolemic. |
| what do the following have in common : superficial temporal artery, bracial artery and dorsal artery of the foot. | they are all pulse points. |
| which of the following is not a response to hypovolemic shock? | release of vasoconstrictors. |
| all the veins of the systemic circulation drain into the | superior and inrerior vena cava and coronary sinu. |
| the pulmonary trunk divides into | right and left pulmonary arteries. |
| in fetal circulation what is teh opening between the right and left atria called? | foramen ovale. |
| which of the below vessels is a pulse point at the wrist? | radial artery. |
| which of the below vessels supplies blood to the intestines? | mesenteric artery. |
| which of the below vessels supplies blood to the kidney? | renal artery. |
| below vessels drains blood from the lower leg? | tibial vein. |
| bessel that drains blood from the head and neck? | jugular bein. |
| vessel drains blood from the lower body to the right atrium? | inferior vena cava. |
| after birth when the umbilical cord is cut what do the umbilical arteries fill with? | connective tissue. |
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importgrl