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CSD 632 Research
Chapter 8: Evaluating Treatment Efficacy Research
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is treatment effectiveness? | When the client shows a statistically significant improvement in his/her communication skills upon "routine application" of the intervention, this is known as ____________. |
| What is the therapeutic effect? | Evidence of beneficial physiological change due to application of treatment. |
| What is an FCM? | Functional Communication Measures are disorder-specific scales that divide the communicative abilities of individuals w/a disorder into 7 functional levels; used at begining and end of treatment to determine treatment benefits. |
| What is an ultimate outcome? | The type and level of performance the clinician hopes the client will eventually achieve. |
| What is treatment efficiency? | The "cost analysis" of a treatment--the amount of money, length of time for intervention, frequency and intensity of treatment needed to reach the ultimate outcome. |
| What is treatment outcomes research? | This type of research identifies the benefits of treatment which helps researchers determine the treatment's relationship to the client's functional improvements. |
| What are the 3 things treatment efficacy studies must demonstrate? | Internal validity, statistical significance, and practical significance must be demonstrated to prove ______________. |
| What is stratified random sampling? | An alternative method of simple random sampling that helps improve generalizability by choosing the random sample from a subgroup of the target population. |
| What is cluster sampling? | A method of random sampling in which a group is selected at random and all members become subjects. |
| What is multistage sampling? | A method of random sampling in which subgroups of subgroups are selected to obtain participating subjects. Ex. school district --> school --> grade --> classroom |
| What is systematic replication? | Reproducing a finding in a subsequent study; Effective in improving generalization |
| What is direct replication? | Occurs when the investigator repeats the research with the same or new subjects to confirm reliability of original results; Effective in improving generalization |
| What is the weakest level of evidence? | Expert opinion ranks where in terms of levels of evidence? |
| What does PICO stand for? | Population Intervention Comparison Outcome |
| What is a pre-experimental design? | AKA single-group design; usually for exploratory purposes or to describe therapeutic effects/ outcomes. Weak on their own b/c they don't show adequate internal /external validity, better when part of a process of establishing treatment efficacy |
| What is one-shot case study design? | Type of pre-experimental design; weak; Single group observed only once after being exposed to some treatment. |
| What is a one-group pretest-posttest design? | Type of pre-experimental design; One group is assembled, pre-tested, exposed to experimental treatment, and posttested. |
| What is a quasi-experimental design? | Unlike pre-experimental designs, these designs use control groups with which an experimental group may be compared. Limitations: hard to manipulate IVs, poorly controlled extraneous variables |
| What is a non-equivalent control group design? | Type of quasi-experimental design; Two groups: first group is pre-tested, exposed to experimental treatment, posttested. Second group is pretested, NOT exposed, posttested. |
Created by:
wyhanes
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