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Ch. 9 Notes
Physiology 2420
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| glial cells in the CNS that provide support to neurons and are critical to the formation of the blood brain barrier | astrocytes |
| glial cells that line the cerebral ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord | ependymal cells |
| three membranes that seperate the soft tissue of the CNS from surrounding bone; dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. | meninges |
| outermost of the three meninges; closest to the bone | dura mater |
| one of the three meninges; located between the dura mater and pia mater | arachnoid mater |
| innermost of the three meninges; adjacent to the nervous tissue | pia mater |
| the space between the pia mater and arachnoid mater, filled with cerebral spinal fluid | subarachnoid space |
| clear, watery fluid that surrounds and protects the CNS and is similar in composition to plasma | cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| physical barrier that exists between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the CNS, formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells of the cerebal capillaries | blood-brain barrier |
| areas of the CNS consisting primarily of cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals of neurons; where synaptic transmission and neural integration occurs | gray matter |
| areas of the CNS consisting primarily of myelinated axons; specialized for the rapid transmission of information over relatively long distances in the form of action potentials | white matter |
| portion of the central nervous system that travels in the vertebral column | spinal cord |
| a bilaterally symmetrical brain structure, with an outer cortex and inner nuclei; located below the forebrain and posterior to the brainstem | cerebellum |
| bottom-most part of the brain that connects the forebrain and cerebellum to the spinal cord; consist of three main regions: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata | brainstem |
| 12 pairs of peripheral nerves that emanate directly from the brain | cranial nerves |
| region of the frontal lobe where voluntary movement in initiated | primary motor cortex |
| region of the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex specialized for the processing of somatic sensory information | primary somatosensory cortex |
| a particular group of nuclei located deep in the cerebrum that are important in regulating voluntary movements | basal nuclei |
| diverse collection of closely associated cortical regions, subcortical nuclei, and tracts in the forebrain; function in learning and emotions | limbic system |
| pathway by which a stimulus reflexively induces a response | reflex arc |
| a direct pathway from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord; controls fine voluntary movements | pyramidal tract |
| all motor control pathways outside the pyramidal system; controls supportive movements | extrapyramidal tract |
| area of association cortex devoted to language expression; located in the frontal lobe | Broca's area |
| area of association cortex devoted to language comprehension; located in the posterior and superior portion of the temporal lobe and the inferior parietal lobe | Wernicke's area |
| protect the CNS from foreign matter, such as bacteria and remnants of dead or injured cells. | microglia |
| a degenerative disease involving the loss of dopaminergic neurons. | Parkinson's Disease |
| a disease caused by the loss of cholinergic neurons in certain brain areas and replacement of the lost neurons with scar tissue called plaques | Alzheimer's Disease |
| An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks a part of the body, oligodendrocytes. Results from the loss of myelin in the CNS. | Multiple Sclerosis |
| Different sensory regions on bodies surface which each serve a particular spinal nerve | dermatomes |
| SAME DAVE | Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent |
| OOOTTAFVGVAH | On occasion our trusty truck acts funny very good vehicle any how |
| What are the 12 cranial nerves in order? | Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal |
| Cranial Nerve I | Olfactory |
| Cranial Nerve II | Optic |
| Cranial Nerve III | Oculomotor |
| Cranial Nerve IV | Trochlear |
| Cranial Nerve V | Trigeminal |
| Cranial Nerve VI | Abducens |
| Cranial Nerve VII | Facial |
| Cranial Nerve VIII | Vestibulocochlear |
| Cranial Nerve IX | Glossopharyngeal |
| Cranial Nerve X | Vagus |
| Cranial Nerve XI | Accesory |
| Cranial Nerve XII | Hypoglossal |
| Maps of the somatotopic organization of two cortical areas,motor and sensory, in which body parts are mapped onto the cortical surfaces with which they correspond | homunculus |
| a large, dual lobed mass of grey matter buried under the cerebral cortex. It is involved in sensory perception and regulation of motor functions. | thalamus |
| a fatal genetic disease characterized in its early stages by the loss of motor coordination and the appearance of exaggerated involuntary jerking or twitching motions involving limbs and face | Huntinton's chorea |
| A person having difficulty understanding language, regardless of whether the words are spoken or written has ____________. | Wernicke's aphasia |
| A person able to comprehend language and know what they want to say but cannot say it make the correct sounds or write the correct words has _______________. | Broca's Aphasia |
Created by:
GracieLou
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