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________ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic.
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In the early part of the twentieth century, ________ argued forcefully for continental drift.
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chapter 3 geol
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ________ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic. | mesosaurus |
| In the early part of the twentieth century, ________ argued forcefully for continental drift. | Alfred Wegener |
| The former late Paleozoic super continent is known as ________. | Pangaea |
| Today, ________ is in about the same geographic position as during late Paleozoic time. | Antarctica |
| Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere? | tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America |
| The ________ is an example of an active, continent-continent collision. | northward movement of India into Eurasia |
| Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a ________ plate boundary. | divergent |
| The temperature below which magnetic material can retain a permanent magnetization is called the ________. | Curie point |
| A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ________. | hot spot |
| Linear, magnetic patterns associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as ________. | normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly parallel to the ridge |
| The ________ is (are) a logical evolutionary analog of the African Rift Valleys ten million years from now. | Red Sea |
| A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is ________. | 2 centimeters per year |
| Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates? | export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere |
| The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not ________. | identify a mechanism capable of moving continents |
| All of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for ________. | changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates |
| _______ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea. | Islands of Precambrian rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands? | shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate |
| Which of the following statements apply to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere? | zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage |
| New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ________. | divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma |
| Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________. | subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries |
| Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for ________. | sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone |
| A transform plate boundary is characterized by ________. | a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions |
| Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory? | Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time. |
| The modern-day Red Sea is explained by plate tectonics theory because it is ________. | a rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate |
| Mount St. Helens and the other Cascade volcanoes are ________. | young, active stratovolcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking slab of oceanic lithosphere |
| The volcanoes and deep valleys of east Africa are related to a ________. | continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate |
| The Aleutian Islands occur at a ________ | convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above a northward-subducting Pacific plate |
| ________ most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates. | Lines of earthquake epicenters |
| Deep-oceanic trenches are most abundant around the rim of the ________ ocean basin. | Pacific |
| Where would you drill to recover samples of the oldest basalts of the oceanic crust, which are Jurassic in age? | oceanic side of the Aleutian trench |
| ________ first related the symmetrical magnetic patterns in seafloor basalts to seafloor spreading at a mid-ocean ridge. | Vine and Matthews |
| Early results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project clearly justified the conclusion that ________. | the ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediments are Cretaceous or younger in age |
| Oceanic Ridge - Seafloor Spreading - Arc volcanoes - Divergent | Arc volcanoes |
| Hawaii - Island Arc - Volcanic arc - subduction | Hawaii |
| convergent - transform - divergent | transform |
| fossil evidence - fit of the continents - paleomagnetism - paleoclimates | paleomagnetism |
| plates are moving apart from one another | divergent |
| plates are sliding past one another horizontally | transform |
| curie point - paleomagnetism - magnetic poles - polar wandering | polar wandering |
| The oldest rocks on the seafloor are much younger than the oldest rocks on the continents. | T |
| Earth's radius and surface area are slowly increasing to accommodate the new oceanic crust being formed at mid-ocean ridges. | F |
| Hawaii is the oldest island of the Hawaiian Island chain. | F |
| The oldest rocks of the oceanic crust are found in deep ocean trenches far away from active, mid-ocean ridges. | T |
| As the South Atlantic basin widens by seafloor spreading, Africa and South America are moving closer together. | F |
| As the South Atlantic basin widens by seafloor spreading, Africa and South America are moving closer together. | F |
| During various times in the geologic past, the polarity of Earth's magnetic field has been reversed. | T |
| The rate of seafloor spreading is, on the average, about one meter per year. | F |
| Wegener's continental drift hypothesis was weakened because a viable mechanism for moving the continents was lacking. | T |
| During the geologic past, the magnetic field poles have generally been very close to Earth's rotational poles. | T |
| Seafloor spreading rates can be estimated if the geologic ages of the magnetic field reversals are independently known. | T |
| The volcanoes of Hawaii are localized above a deep mantle hot spot; they are not part of the East Pacific oceanic ridge. | T |
| Iceland is a good example of an island arc, formed from an oceanic-oceanic plate collision. | F |
| An extensive, late Paleozoic glaciation affected southern India, southern Africa and southeastern South America. Student | T |
| The Himalayan Mountains are the tectonic product of a collision between India and Eurasia that began in Eocene time and still continues. | T |
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yphan