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24 SG
bob22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 38. When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was | e. impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help. |
| 39. During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons | b. built their railroads with government assistance. |
| 40. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with | b. land grants. |
| 41. Match each railroad company below with the correct entrepreneur. A. James J. Hill 1. Central Pacific B. Cornelius Vanderbilt 2. New York Central C. Leland Stanford 3. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 4. Great Northern | a. A-4, B-2, C-1 |
| 42. The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the | e. Great Northern. |
| 43. One by-product of the development of the railroads was | c. the movement of people to cities. |
| 44. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was | e. the railroad network. |
| 45. The United States changed to standard time zones when | b. the major rail lines decreed the division of the continent into four time zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks. |
| 46. Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called | a. pools. |
| 47. Early railroad owners formed “pools” in order to | c. divide business in a particular area and share profits. |
| 48. Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by | e. state legislatures. |
| 49. The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the | b. Interstate Commerce Commission. |
| 50. One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it | b. represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business. |
| . 51. After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the United States | a. helped to build the nation into an industrial giant. |
| 52. One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was | e. elimination of as much competition as possible. |
| 53. Match each entrepreneur below with the form of business combination with which he is historically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie 1. interlocking directorate B. John D. Rockefeller 2. trust C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. vertical integrat | c. A-3, B-2, C-1 |
| 54. Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified. | A. Andrew Carnegie 1. steel B. John D. Rockefeller 2. oil C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. tobacco D. James Duke 4. banking d. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 |
| 55. The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of | b. Henry Bessemer. |
| 56. J.P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n) | a. interlocking dictorate. |
| 57. America’s first billion-dollar corporation was | e. United States Steel. |
| 58. The first major product of the oil industry was | a. kerosene. |
| 59. The oil industry became a huge business | c. with the invention of the internal combustion engine. |
| 60. John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve success in the oil industry except | c. showing mercy to his competitors. |
| 61. The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth, | e. discouraged efforts to help the poor. |
| 62. To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to | d. avoid corporate regulation by the states. |
| 63. The Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments. | b. Fourteenth |
| 64. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power of | b. labor unions. |
| 65. During the age of industrialization, the South | e. remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural. |
| 66. The South’s major attraction for potential investors was | d. cheap labor. |
| 67. In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor attracted manufacturing to the “new South.” | a. textile |
| 68. Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills as | e. salvation, since the jobs and wages were steady. |
| 69. One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was | b. the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock. |
| 70. The group most affected by the new industrial age was | c. women. |
| 71. To provide workers with job security, reformers wanted to introduce all of the following except | c. establishment of a workers’ political party. |
| 72. The image of the “Gibson Girl” represented | d. an independent and athletic “new woman.” |
| 73. Most women workers of the 1890s worked for | c. economic necessity. |
| 74. Which one of the following is least like the other three? | a. closed shop |
| 75. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor | b. corporations. |
| 76. Match each labor organization below with the correct description. A. National Labor Union 1. the “one big union” that championed B. Knights of Labor producer cooperatives and industrial C. American Federation of arbitration Labor 2 | e. A-2, B-1, C-3 |
| 77. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won | a. an eight-hour day for all workers. |
| 78. One group barred from membership in the Knights of Labor was | b. Chinese. |
| . 79. The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when | e. labor would own and operate businesses and industries. |
| 80. The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolists | b. by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers. |
| 81. One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was its | e. lack of class consciousness. |
| 82. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the | c. American Federation of Labor. |
| 83. By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, | c. the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor. |
| 84. By 1900, organized labor in America | d. had begun to develop a positive image with the public. |
| 85. Some people who found fault with the captains of industry argued that these men | b.diminished the workers’ quality of life. |
| 86. Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because | b. few Europeans brought their political philosophies to the United States. |
| 87. All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except | d. immigration restrictions. |
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hbazzi13