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History of Jazz

Question	Answer
____________ was the most prolific ragtime composer.	Scott Joplin
Robert Johnson, wrote and performed songs representative of ____________	Country Blues
City blues singers were usually accompanied by other performers, usually a pianist or a small ensemble. County blues singers usually accompanied themselves on __________	Guitar
The majority of women blues singers, such as Bessie Smith, were associated with __________	City blues
The essence of the early jazz instrumental combo sound is _________	collective improvisation
True or False: New Orleans instrumental bands usually have a tuba, banjo, trumpet, clarinet, guitar and a tenor saxophone.	False - they do not have a tenor sax in the early jazz combo
Trumperter Joe "King" Oliver led an all-star New Orleans group in Chicago called the ___________	Creole Jazz Band
In 1917, the first instrumental jazz recording was released by _______________	The Original Dixieland Jazz Band
True or False: The role of the clarinet in a Dixieland band is to play melodies above the trumpet during collective improvisation.	True
True or False: Storyville was an area within the city of New Orleans where many people wrote books about early jazz music.	False - Storyville was the "red-light district"
Trumpet player ____________ was the most popular musician in New Orleans by 1900 & was an influence on later trumpeters, but by 1906 he was slowly going insane & was committed to a mental institute where he remained forgotten for his final 24 yrs.	Buddy Bolden
True or False: Scott Joplin was an important figrue in jazz not only because he was a great and inflential trumpet player, but also because he mentored Louis Armstrong early in his career.	False. Louis Armstrong was mentored by Joe "King" Oliver
In the early days of Ratime, performances were preserved on _________	Piano rolls
The stongest rhythm instrument in New Orleans early jazz groups was the _________	Banjo
Cutting contests were ...	competitions between instrumentalists which were judged by the audience
List the "horn" section of a standard "New Orleans style" instrumental jazz band (early jazz combo)	Trumpet, Clarinet, and Trombone
What was the "rhythm" section of a standard "New Orleans style" instrumental jazz band (early jazz combo)	Piano, Drums, Banjo, Tuba
True or False: Jazz emerged as a true musical form around the beginning of the 20th century in the southern United States.	True
A European song form that features a series of verses telling a story, sung to a repeating melody is called _______	Strophic
The term "call and response" came from the earlier terms ____________	Field hollers, work songs
True or False: The majority of the instruments used in jazz music originated in Africa.	False. The majority of the instruments originated in the Americas
A strutting, high-kicking dance to syncopated music that became extremely popular around the 1890s, became known as __________	The cakewalk
African Americans transformed European hymns and composed religious folk songs called _____________	Spirituals
True or False: Because of the institution of slavery, African and European cultures collided which brought about new musical styles and eventually led to the birth of jazz music.	True
In America, beginning in the 1700s, the English _________ was a very popular type of song that featured melodies designed to be simple and eary to remember.	Ballad
An important element of Africa's musical tradition is the ___________, where all people who are present at a musical gathering are active participants, not just listeners.	Collective experience
True or False: The English Protestant slave owners were very open-minded, relaxed, and tolerant with their slaves and left them relatively free to continue their musical practices and native rituals.	False. The Enghlish Protestants did not allow that at all. Slave owners in the Caribbean/South America were more tolerant
The __________ and ____________ were European-American couple dances of the 19th century.	Waltz, schottische
True or False: African slaves that were sent to Latin America slave ports in the Caribbean and South American found that the Spanish/Port music that existed there was similar in many ways to their native African music.	True
One of the significant contributions to jazz that came from Africa was __________, which is the aspect of more than two different rhythms occurring at the same time.	Polyrhythm
Funeral and parade music, a pre-jazz form, was performed by a __________	Brass band
The "catchy" section of a song that has a fixed melody with text inserted in between verses of a song is often called the __________	Chorus
True or False: Early pre-blues style music featured extremely religious songs that were notated on sheet music, and performed by hightly trained musicians.	False. They were rarely written down on sheet music, if at all, and they were performed by 'self-taught' people.
Beginning in the 1840s, _____________ became a very popular form of entertainment featuring song, dance, and comedy by white performers in "blackface" that portrayed African Americans as stupid and ridiculous.	Minstrel shows
In African music, repetition is regarded as an aesthetic strength and many forms are constructed of short phrases recurring in a regular cycle called __________	Riffs
In New Orleans during the late-1700s and early-1800s Creoles of Color, whose ancestry was ___________ and African, began to be regarded as a class thaa was separate from whites and slaves.	French
Western European influences in jazz include:	Instruments, Military Marches, Church Hymns, Folk Songs/Dance, Classical Compositions
Minstrel shows used a type of ________ to accompany songs and dances.	String Band
True or False: Military "brass band" concerts were a popular form of entertainment during the post-civil war era.	True
An eight-beat rhythmic pattern (divided 3-3-2) developed in Cuba, which was very influential in Ragtime and Early Jazz styles was known as the _________	Habanera ryhythm
The most popular American songwriter of the 19th centruy was _________, who wrote the lyrics and music to over 200 songs.	Steven Foster
During the Civil War era, slaves in _____________ had a field area called Congo Square in which they were allowed time on Sundays to dance and sing more freely than they could on the plantations.	New Orleans
True or False: Native African music favors vocal growling, buzzing tones, and low-pitched sounds.	True
The highness or lowness of a sound is called its _______	pitch
Musicians refer to specific pitches or tones with letter names, using the letters ________ of the alphabet.	A through G
A sharp in front of a note means that note is ________ in pitch.	Higher
True or False: The characteristic tone qualtiy of a sound is determined by the voice or instrument which produces it.	True
Rhythm is usally organized into smaller units, each having consistent number of beats. Each of these units is called a bar or a _______	Measure
The rate of speed of a musical composition is its ________	Tempo
Three or more pitches sounding simultaneously comprise a ________	Chord
The musical term referring to the distance between two pitches is _______	Interval
The term ________, refers to the level of loudness or softness that occur in a musical composition.	Dynamics
_________ is a term used to describe the tone color or tone quality of a voice or instrument.	Timbre
Many traditional popular songs, as well as jazz pieces featuring improvisation, use the 32-bar structure of _________	A-A-B-A
Deliberately misplacing rhythmic accents off the beat, instead of on the beat results in __________	syncopation
The "B" section of a standard 32-bar composition is known as the ________	Bridge
__________, is to compose and perform at the same time.	Improvisation
________ is a colorful and sometimes displeasing sound created by utilizing notes with clash.	Dissonance
Jazz, blues and rock tunes often employ a short, fragmented, and repeated melody called a ______	Riff
True or False: One complete playing-through of the form of a piece, used as the basic framework for improvised solos, is called a chorus.	True
The saxophone is a member of the __________ family.	Woodwind
An emphasized note or chord that is played louder to make it stand out from other notes or chords is called an _________	Accent
A standard blues form is ______ measures long.	12
Blue notes are made by ...	lowering the third and seventh notes of the scale
When the volume of a piece gradually becomes louder, it is called a _______	Crescendo
True or False: In order to classify a performance as being "jazz", improvisation and a swing feel need to be present.	True
A written melody forms a linear pattern on the staff called the _______	Contour
True or False: Form in music is based upon principles of repetition and contrast.	True
True or False: New Orleans was the ideal site for the birth of jazz because it was an intensely musical city with a history of rich ethnic diversity.	True
True or False: James P. Johnson was the leader of an all-star band called the Red Hot Peppers.	False. Jelly Roll Morton was the leader of the Red Hot Peppers.
______ was one of the first "jazz" pianists as well as the first important jazz composer, who helped bridge the gap between ragtim and jazz.	Jelly Roll Morton
Early jazz clarinetist ________ was one of the first reed players to utilize the soprano saxophone.	Sidney Bechet
_______ is generally considered the "father" of the stride piano style.	James P. Johnson
Stride pianist ________ was one of the most popular song writers and entertainers of the 1920s and 1930s.	Fats Waller
True or False: Because of their versatility, stride style pianists were often used to accompany vocalists.	True
_________ innovated a more "modern jazz-like" style of piano playing which was more flexible than ragtime or stride.	Earl Hines
Between 1924 and 1930, ________ and the Hot Five and the Hot Seven recorded some of the most innovative and influential early jazz music.	Louis Armstron
True or False: The banjo continued to be a vital instrument in the rhythm section of a big band.	False. The guitar replace the banjo.
A solo break is when...	the soloist "fills" for a measure or two while the band is silent.
Highly influential composer, pianist, and big band leader _______ had a band that stayed together longer than any other band in jazz history - many members lasted for over 25 years.	Duke Ellington
________ became very important during the swing era, because big utilized many more musicians than an early jazz combo and did not focus on collective improvision.	Written arrangements
True or False: The term "orchestra" in describing a big band meant that there was always a string section in the group.	False. There was rarely a string section in the group
_______, often called the "Father of Jazz", performed early jazz music most of his career and became famous as an international personality and "musical ambassador".	Louis Armstrong
True or False: The "big band" of the Swing Era is made up of two sections, the rhythm section and the horn section.	False. The early jazz combo is broken up into the rhythm section and the horn section.
Born and raised in Iowa, trumpeter _________ became an influential soloist despite his short career. He is often regared as the the first 'true' white jazz artist.	Bix Beiderbecke
__________ and _________ replaced the clarinet and tuba from early jazz groups, during the swing era.	Saxophone, string bass
Louis Armstrong innovated and popularized ________, a vocal technique in which lyrics are not used, and the voice improvises in the manner of a horn player.	Scat singing
Stop-time is when....	There are silences between accented chords for a soloist to fill
Pianist and big band leader, ___________ is one of the most important figures in jazz history due to his prolific and innovative compositions and arrangements.	Duke Ellington
True or False: Duke Ellington ws know as the "King of Swing" due to the fact that he directed a big band for over 50 years.	False. Benny Goodman was the "King of Swing"
Clarinetist __________ was the leader of the most popular "jazz oriented" big band throughout the 1930s and 40s.	Benny Goodman
A _________ is a loud, climatic section of a big band arrangement in which the horn sections combine and exchange melodies and themes.	Shout chorus
New York pianist and band leader _______ was known more for his arranging, and credited with infusing "black jazz" into "white popular music" during the swing era.	Fletcher Henderson
Besides his own band, Fletcher Henderson was very influential in the sound of...	Benny Goodman Orch.
True or False: The Duke Ellington Orchestra was considered a "sweet band".	False
The most popular style in jazz history was ______	Swing
Many traditional popular songs, as well as jazz featuring improvisions, use the 32-bar structure of ________	A-A-B-A
__________ is a colorful and intersting sound created by deliberately using notes which clash somewhat.	Dissonance
Jazz, blues and rock tunes often employ a short, repeated instrumental melody called a _______	Riff
_________ is a musical direction for all sections of a band to play together, whether in unison or harmony.	Tutti
One complete playing-through of the form of a piece, used as the basic framework for improvised solos, is called a ______	Chorus
A loud, climatic section of a big band arrangement in which the trumpets, trombones, and saxophone exchange melody and supporting themes is called a _________	Shout chorus
_________ is the rapid fluctuation in pitch that gives intensity and warmth to a sustained tone.	Vibrato
Whether it is sung or played; in this structure one can usually hear three phrases consisting of 12-bars, and an accompaniment made of three chords (I-IV-V). This is the most basic type of ________	Blues form
__________ is to compose and perform at the same time.	Improvisation
A rhythmic pattern played by the rhythmic section, in which they emphasize only the first and third beats of each measure is called a ________	Two beat
_________ is a relaxed rhythmic feeling found in most jazz, produced by the division of the beat into a long-short pattern.	Swing
Improvising soloists must continually fit their notes into the flowing accompanying harmony called the __________	Chord progression
The portion of a piece (usually near the end of a chorus) in which all band members stop playing for only one or two bars, except for the soloist, is called a ________	Break
_________ is the term for the individual, unique sound or tone color of an instrument or voice.	Timbre
Music often has a pulse. The unit of pulse is called a ______	Beat
Creole band leader who produced the most sophisticated music of all the New Orleans groups, known historically as the first jazz composer and the musician most responsible for bridging the gap between ragtime and early jazz.	Jelly Roll Morton
Midwestern trumpeter recognized today as one of the first important white jazz artists, despite his very short life.	Bix Beiderbecke
Pioneering pre-jazz pianist known for being the most famous and prolific composer of ragtime music.	Scott Joplin
The "Father of Jazz"; in the 1920s he became one of jazz' greatest artists, setting standards that soloists would aspire to for the next twenty years.	Louis Armstrong
Early jazz group that was organized in Chicago and consisted of five white New Orleans musicians. They were the first group in history to record instrumental jazz.	Original Dixieland Jazz Band
Early jazz clarinetist who was one of the first reed players to utilize the soprano saxophone. He was noted for his foreful playing and pronounced vibrato.	Sidney Bechet
Early jazz pianist who significantly influenced piano playing styles in the 1930s and 40s with his "modern" style. His very aggressive playing was often termed "brassy" or "horn-like".	Earl Hines
Pre-jazz trumpet player who was the most popular New Orleans musician by 1900 and an influence on later trumpeters, but by 1906 he slowly going insane and was committed to a mental institute for the rest of his life.	Buddy Bolden
Popular stride style pianist equally well known as a song writer and entertainer. He wrote many popular and novelty songs as well as collaborating in writing music for many Broadway shows.	Fats Waller
Know as "The Empress of the Blues", this singer became a star in the 1920s due to her powerful voice and recordings with Louis Armstrong.	Bessie Smith
Innovative early jazz pianist from the East coast, often referred to as the "Father of Stride Piano".	James P. Johnson
New Orleans trumpet star and bandleader who moved to Chicago in 1918 and led an all-star band called the Creole Jazz Band.	Joe "King" Oliver

Created by: juret7674

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