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ESQB - Court Cases
Landmark Supreme Court Cases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| John Marshall, 1803, "midnight judges" - First decision to declare an act passed by Congress unconstitutional and void. Established judicial review. | Marbury v. Madison |
| John Marshall, 1819, Second Bank of the United States - Called for a broad interpretation of the powers of the federal government. | McCulloch v. Maryland |
| John Marshall, 1824, steamboat monopoly in New York - The states and federal government are not equal sovereignties. Federal power is specifically enumerated, but within its sphere Congress is supreme. | Gibbons v. Ogden |
| Roger B. Taney, 1857, slavery in federal territories - Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories. Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional. | Dred Scott v. Sandford |
| Melville Fuller, 1896, seperate but equal - Provided constitutional sanction for Jim Crow laws in the South. | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Harlan Fiske Stone, 1943, Japanese prison camps - Upheld the relocation and internment of Japanese Americans. Any American citizen can be held in prison or concentration camps without trial or hearing. | Korematsu v. United States |
| Earl Warren, 1954, public school segregation - Overturned "seperate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson. Schools were to be desegregated with all possible speed. | Brown v. Board of Education |
| Earl Warren, 1961, 4th Amendment rights - Determined that evidence obtained through a search that violates the 4th Amendment is inadmissible in state courts. Warrant is necessary for search of property, even under reasonable suspicion. | Mapp v. Ohio |
| Earl Warren, 1963, 6th and 14th Amendment rights - Protected the rights of accused criminals and extended the guarantees in the Bill of Rights to state actions. | Gideon v. Wainwright |
| Earl Warren, 1966, 14th Amendment - Origin of "Miranda rights". One of the most controversial decisions of the Warren court. | Miranda v. Arizona |
| Earl Warren, 1969, student freedom of speech - Ruled that students are entitled to exercise their constitutional rights, even while in school. School officials must provide constitutionally valid reasons for regulating student expression. | Tinker v. Des Moines |
| Warren E. Burger, 1973, abortion - Legalized abortion in the first trimester. Right to abort ruled to be part of a woman's "right to privacy". | Roe v. Wade |
| Warren E. Burger, 1974, Nixon and the Watergate scandal - President's right to executive privilege is not absolute. | United States v. Nixon |
| William Rehnquist, 1989, burning the American flag - Determined that such behavior is protected by the 1st Amendment. Government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea offensive. | Texas v. Johnson |
| Earl Warren, 1962, voting district apportionment - Voters have a right to challenge the apportionment of state legislative districts in ways that dilute the voting power of urban voters. | Baker v. Carr |
| John Marshall, 1831, relocation of Cherokee Indians - Case was not heard because Cherokee nation was not a state. Relationship of the tribes to the United States is that of a "ward to its guardian". | Cherokee Nation v. Georgia |
| John Marshall, 1816, Supreme Court authority over state courts - Supreme Court has ultimate authority to review and overturn the decisions of the state courts. First case to assert this. | Martin v. Hunter's Lessee |
| Earl Warren, 1964, freedom of speech - Held that freedom of speech is not dependent on truth, popularity, or usefulness. Paved the way for news organizations covering the civil-rights movement. | New York Times v. Sullivan |
| Roger B. Taney, 1837, obligation of contract - Rights granted in a legislative charter should be interpreted as narrowly as possible and any ambiguity should be interpreted in the public's interest. Condemned monopolies. | Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge |
| Edward D. White, 1919, Espionage Act - Ruled that the act did not violate the 1st Amendment because speech encouraging insuboordination isn't protected. Held that the conviction of Schenck for distributing anti-war materials was constitutional. | Schenck v. United States |
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majorpayne14
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