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CC ch2
nutrition and deficiencies
Question | Answer |
---|---|
nutrition | the study of how your body uses the food you eat |
malnutrition | poor nutrition over an extended period |
nutrient | a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body |
deficiency disease | an illness caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a nutrient |
carbohydrate | the body's chief source of energy |
glucose | a monosaccharide that serves as a constant and immediate source of energy for all body cells and tissues |
fiber | provides bulk in the diet |
fat | important energy source |
fatty acid | chemical chains containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
hydrogenation | makes unsaturated fats solid |
cholesterol | a fat like substance found in every cell in the body |
protein | chemical compounds that are found in every body cell |
amino acid | small units that make up proteins |
kwashiorkor | a serious protein deficiency disease found in many underdeveloped areas of the world |
vitamin | one of the six basic types of nutrients that is a complex organic substance needed in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction |
fat-soluble vitamin | vitamins that dissolve in fats |
water-soluble vitamin | vitamins that dissolve in water |
supplement | nutrient products added to the diet |
night blindness | a reduced ability to see in dim light due to vitamin A deficiency |
rickets | A disease resulting from a vitamin D deficiency, which is characterized by crooked legs and misshapen breast bones in children |
scurvy | a disease resulting from a vitamin C deficiency, which is characterized by bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and internal bleeding |
beriberi | a disease of the nervous system caused by a thiamin deficiency, which is characterized by numbness in the ankles and legs and severe cramping and paralysis |
pellagra | A disease caused by a deficiency off niacin, which is characterized by a raw and inflamed skin rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dementia, and paralysis |
anemia | Caused by folate deficiency, reduces the number of RBCs in the bloodstream |
mineral | one of the six basic types of nutrients that is an inorganic substance and becomes part of the bones, tissues, and body fluids |
trace element | a mineral like iron or iodine that is found in very small amounts in the body |
osteoporosis | A condition resulting from a calcium deficiency, which is characterized by porous, brittle bones |
hypertension | High blood pressure |
goiter | A visible enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from an iodine deficiency |
digestion | The bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use |
absorption | The process of taking nutrients into the body and making them part of the body |
peristalsis | A wavelike movement produced by the contracting of longitudinal and circular muscle fibers of the digestive tract, which pushes food through the tract |
saliva | A mucus- and enzyme-containing liquid secreted by the mouth that makes food easier to swallow and begins to break down starches |
metabolism | The chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients |
basal metabolism | The amount of energy the human body needs to stay alive and carry on vital processes |