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Terms for msc
Middle School Challe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The primary colors are | blue, red, and yellow. |
| are examples of 2-dimensional (2-D) art. | Drawing, Painting and Collage |
| are examples of 3-dimensional (3-D) art. | Sculpture, Pottery and Weaving |
| The secondary colors are | green, orange, and purple. |
| In art a ------ is a single material used to create art. | medium |
| ---- is the style of art of ancient Greece and Rome, noted for its rationality, simplicity, and balance. | classical |
| is the style of art used by the Eastern Empire after the fall of Rome, and noted for its formality and rich use of colors. | byzantine |
| is the style of art used in late Medieval Europe. | Gothic |
| is the style of art, and especially, architecture, of Western Europe from 1050 to 1200. | Romanesque |
| The style known as ----- was used in Western Europe from the 14th through the 17th centuries. | Renaissance |
| is the highly complex art of Europe from about 1600 to 1750, noted for the intricacy and the lushness of its creations. | Baroque |
| painting is art depicting everyday scenes. | Genre |
| art is concerned with the formality in the imitation of the classical arts. | neo-classical |
| Art dedicated to depicting real emotions and character, favoring intuitional approaches over strict rationality, is called ----- | Romantic. |
| is the art of the late 19th century concerned with accurately representing the impression of light on subjects. | impressionism |
| is the style of art concerned with transferring the artist’s emotions to the creation. | expressionism |
| is an art style invented by Picasso and Braque which presents multiple viewpoints in a single design. | cubism |
| is an anti-artistic movement which championed absurdity against conventions in all aspects of culture. | Dadaism |
| is the art that seeks to express the individual sub-conscious mind in a way to reach the unconscious of the viewer. | surrealism |
| Art which emphasizes organic forms | art nouveau |
| Art in which the subject is no longer recognizable outside the design area | abstract |
| Paintings in which the paint is applied in an apparently random manner, to reveal the artist’s inner world | abstract expressionism |
| Fine arts, which depend upon commercial art and popular culture for inspiration | pop art |
| Art created by untrained artists, or in imitation of this naïve style by trained artists | folk art |
| in art means to use more than one medium. | mixed media |
| is a written copy of the conversation between characters. | script |
| Performers who play roles or take the parts of specific character | actors |
| In a play, the talk, or conversation between two or more characters | dialouge |
| a person who writes a play. | playwright |
| The writing or performing of plays, as well as the formal study of the art form | theater |
| A storyteller is also called a | narrator |
| the basic idea or purpose of the play. | theme |
| The turning point in the action of the play | climax |
| means to do something at the same time. | unison |
| Sessions where the actors prepare for their roles through repetition | rehersals |
| The area where the players perform, usually a raised platform | stage |
| is the art of planning and composing a dance. | Choreography |
| Locomotor movements are | traveling movements |
| the tune of a song. | melody |
| The beat of a song | rhythm |
| The 3 elements of Dance | space, time, and force |
| Movement to a beat or a pattern of beats | rhythmic movement |
| Expressing how you feel through physical movement | expressive movement |
| A ----- dance tells a story. | narrative |
| The distance between 2 people | space |
| Dance is often a repeated action that becomes part of a custom or ceremony | ritual |
| any dance to slow music. | adagio |
| a position in which the dancer stands on one leg, straight or bent, with the other extended to the back at 90 degrees | arabesque |
| social dances usually performed by couples, including the fox-trot, waltz, tango, rumba, swing, mambo, samba, and cha cha. | ballroom dances |
| dance that originated in Spain. | bolero |
| is a dance that originated around 1830 as a social dance. | can can |
| dance that originated in the early 20's in illegal drinking places during the time of prohibition. | charleston |
| a freestyle dance style originating in the Blue Ridge Mountains characterized by double time stomping and tap steps resembling a tap dance | clogging |
| lively Spanish dance in triple time performed with castanets or tambourines. | fandango |
| social dance of American origin. | fox trot |
| was originally a sacred dance of Hawaii supposedly created by the younger volcano Kala to please his sister Pele. | hula |
| Japanese dance drama featuring stylized narrative choreographic movements and performers. | kabuki |
| a carefree and lively dance until presented by the French court in 1650. | minuet |
| a dance for two, usually a woman and a man. | Pas de Deux |
| a complete turn of the body executed on one leg; the working leg is placed with the foot drawn up to the ankle or knee of the supporting leg. | pirouette |
| an American folk dance with an even number of couples forming a square, two lines, or a circle. | square dance |
| a dance was written by an African American musician in Georgia in 1958. | twist |
| is the speed of dance or a piece of music, measured in measures per minute or beats per minute | tempo |
| a ballroom style dance in 3/4 time which first developed in Vienna as a fast paced dance to the Strauss music of the time. | waltz |
| is the correct distribution of body weight between the feet or over the standing foot. | balance |
| 1) a steady and continuous pulse in the music, within which the rhythms are formed; or (2) one single pulse of music. | beat |
| a singing voice that is lower than Soprano | alto |
| a German composer, organist, and choirmaster of the 1700s. | bach |
| simple song or poem that tells a story. | ballad |
| elaborate dance presented on a stage set to instrumental music | ballet |
| is the lowest male singing voice | bass |
| a German musician of the 1700s and 1800s who is considered one of the greatest composers of all time. | beethoven |
| kind of sad, slow music, usually with words, that developed among blacks in the southern United States. | blues |
| a family of musical instruments that are often made of brass. | brass |
| complex music written for an orchestra or for smaller groups of instruments. | classical music |
| directs a group of musicians to make sure that they are playing at the right speed and volume. | conductor |
| songs about love and everyday life that have a regular beat and usually rhymed lyrics. | Country and Western music |
| a simple song, like a ballad, that is passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth. | folk song |
| the pleasing sound that results when different musical notes are played or sung together. | harmony |
| a song that is sung as part of a religious service as well as at school assemblies and family gatherings. | hymn |
| form of American music invented by black musicians in New Orleans, Louisiana, early in the twentieth century. | jazz |
| words that are set to music. | lyrics |
| a recognizable tune | melody |
| an Austrian musician of the 1700s who began composing music when he was only five years old. | mozart |
| are the devices used to make music | musical instruments |
| The standard way of writing music so that it can be played or sung | musical notation |
| official song of a country. | national anthem |
| a play set to music in which the lines are all sung instead of spoken and is performed by an Orchestra, singers, and sometime dancers | opera |
| a large group of musicians who play String, Woodwind, Brass, and Percussion instruments. | orchestra |
| a keyboard instrument that produces sound through large pipes. | organ |
| describes the family of musical instruments that are played by striking them. | percussion |
| the pattern of stressed and unstressed notes in music and poetry | rhythm |
| a form of popular music that grew out of gospel music and country and western music in the 1950s. | rock n roll |
| highest female signing voice. | soprano |
| religious folk song | spiritual |
| the family of musical instruments that use strings to produce sound. | strings |
| a song that is begun at different times by different voices and results in harmonious singing | round |
| a long piece of music usually with four parts, called movements, that is played by an orchestra. | symphony |
| a full-size orchestra usually devoted to playing classical music. | symphony orchestra |
| highest adult male singing voice | tenor |
| the family of long, thin musical instruments that make a softer sound that the brass instruments | woodwinds |
| a heavyweight-boxing champion during the 1960s and 1970s known for his clever fighting style. | Muhammad Ali |
| a reformer of the 1800s and early 1900s and an advocate of women's suffrage | susan b anthony |
| first man to walk on the moon | neil armstrong |
| "Ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country." | JFK |
| was a showman of the 1800s | P.T. Barnum |
| invented the telephone in the late 1800s. | Alexander Graham Bell |
| an outlaw, a killer, and a cattle thief who lived in New Mexico in the Wild West. | billy the kid |
| buffalo hunter, Indian fighter, and scout in the western United States | buffalo bill |
| had been a naval officer and peanut farmer before he became governor of Georgia and then ran for the presidency | Jimmy Carter |
| the child of slaves, was a scientist and agricultural researcher. He discovered many uses for peanuts, which increased the demand for this important southern crop. | George Washington Carver |
| was comedian and movie star. His most famous character was the Little Tramp. | Charlie Chaplin |
| was a national effort, to achieve equal rights for blacks. | civil rights movement |
| refers to the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II. | cold war |
| the nickname of the Battle of the Little Big Horn, which was fought in the Dakota Territory in the late 1800s | custers last stand |
| June 6, 1944, the date that British and American troops invaded German-occupied France during World War II. | D Day |
| created the cartoon characters Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, was the first person to make full-length animated cartoons | walt disney |
| a United States marshal and a gunfighter in the Wild West. | wyatt earp |
| was an inventor, who perfected the electric light bulb and the phonograph. | thomas A edison |
| nicknamed "Ike' was an American general and the commander of the Allied forces in Europe in World War II | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| a small island in New York harbor, near the Statue of Liberty | ellis island |
| people, both black and white, who traveled through the southern states in the 1960s to protest against segregation and racial injustice. | the freedom riders |
| an Apache chieftain who was one of the last Indian warriors to fight against whites. | Geranemo |
| the first American astronaut to orbit the earth | john glen |
| the worst economic period in American history and began when the stock market collapsed, or crashed, in 1929. | the great deppression |
| a United States marshal in the Wild West who was famous for his gunfights with outlaws. | Wild bill hickok |
| head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from the 1920s to the early 1970s. | Hoover |
| "I have a dream" | Martin Luther King JR |
| the act of bringing people, especially of different races, together in schools, neighborhoods, and public places such as restaurants and bus stations that were once segregated | intergration |
| was the leader of a gang of outlaws in the Wild West. | Jesse James |
| became president of the United States in 1963, after John F. Kennedy was assassinated, and served until 1969. | Lyndon B Johnson |
| who was blind and deaf as a child, learned to read and write and use sign language. | Helen Keller |
| was assassinated and only served two years as President. | JFK |
| a famous horse race held in Louisville, Kentucky, each spring. | Kentucky Derby |
| a clergyman who led the civil rights movement in the South in the 1960s | Martin Luther King JR |
| fought between North Korea and South Korea in the early 1950s. | Korean War |
| a group of white people in the South who committed acts of terror and violence against blacks after the Civil war | Ku Klux Klan |
| an American holiday honoring workers and is celebrated on the first Monday in September. | Labor Day |
| the holiday observed on the last Monday in May in honor of American soldiers killed in wartime. | Memorial Day |
| the president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. He was elected to a second term by a large margin, but because of the Watergate scandal he became the first president ever to resign from office. | Nixon |
| a method of protest that was used by members of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s | nonviolence |
| "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself" | FDR |
| a large American naval base in Hawaii. | Pearl Harbor |
| the common name for the law passed in the 1920s to prevent, or prohibit, alcoholic drinks such as beer, wine, and liquor from being made or sold. | prohibition |
| a former movie actor and governor of California, was the president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. | Ronald Reagan |
| is the name for the ten years after the Civil War, when the defeated Southern states were organized and admitted back into the Union. | Reconstruction |
| the first black man to play major league baseball in the twentieth century. | Jackie Robinson |
| the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was a humanitarian, social reformer, political activist, and writer. | Eleanor Roosevelt |
| the president of the United States during the Great Depression and World War II whose social and economic policies helped to end the Depression. | Franklin D roosevelt |
| the president of the United States in early 1900s. As president, he conducted an aggressive foreign policy, particularly in Latin was America. He summed up his policy by saying, "Speak softly, and carry a big stick." | theodore roosevelt |
| the oldest of college football's postseason bowl games | the rose bowl |
| a baseball player for the New York Yankees. | babe ruth |
| the practice of keeping people separated, especially on the basis of race. | segregation |
| the Sioux who led his warriors at the Battle of the Little Big Horn; also know as Custer's Last Stand. | Sitting Bull |
| a brief war between Spain and the United States that was fought in Cuba and in the Philippines at the end of the 1800s. | Spansh-American War |
| the game played every January for the championship of the National Football League. | Super Bowl |
| an athlete is considered one of the finest all-around athletes of all time. | Jim thorpe |
| the president of the United States when Franklin D. Roosevelt died. | Truman |
| fought in Southeast Asia between South Vietnam and communist North Vietnam. | Vietnam War |
| the name given to the social and economic programs of the 1960s started by President Lyndon B. Johnson, that were designed to end poverty in the United States. | The War on Poverty |
| a leader who attempted to improve the situation of black people in the 1800s and early 1900s. | Booker T Washington |
| the worst political scandal in American history. | Watergate Scandal |
| a name given to the states and territories west of the Mississippi River during the late 1800s. | Wild West |
| was the president of the U.S. After World War I, he helped found the League of Nations, a peacekeeping organization that the United States did not join. | woodrow Wilson |
| the baseball championship played every October | world series |
| began in Europe in 1914. Germany and its allies fought against other countries, led by Britain and France. The U.S. at first tried to stay neutral; however, in 1917 the U.S. entered the war on the side of Britain and France. | World War 1 |
| began in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland. The United States entered the war formally after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. | World War 2 |
| invented the airplane when they flew the first motor-driven, heavier-than-air flying machine at Kitty Hawk, | The Wright Brothers |
| refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white person | Rosa Parks |
| discovered the American continents. | Christopher Columbus |
| The American colonies declared their independence from England in ----- | 1776 |
| occurred during the Mexican War in 1847. During this battle, the United States forces led by Zachary Taylor defeated SantaAna's army, even though the U.S. was outnumbered. | The Battle of Buena Vista |
| a movement to end, or abolish, slavery | abolition |
| a building in what is now San Antonio, Texas. | Alamo |
| These words, from the Declaration of Independence, express a basic belief held by the founders of the United States | All men are created equal |
| an American Indian people who live in the southwestern United States. They were hunters and warriors who lived in tepees. | apaches |
| the nickname of an American pioneer and folk hero of the early 1800s. He traveled through frontier America planting apple trees. | Johnny Appleseed |
| where the Civil War came to an end in 1865 when the Southern general, Robert E. Lee, surrendered to the Northern general, Ulysses S. Grant | appomatix courthouse |
| formed the basis of the national government. | articles of confederation |
| the name for the first ten amendments to the Constitution | the bill of rights |
| a pioneer of the late 1700s and early 1800s who explored and settled Kentucky. | Daniel Boone |
| assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. | John Wilkes Booth |
| one of the events that led to the Revolutionary War. | Boston Tea Party |
| one of the first battles of the Revolutionary War. | Battle of Bunker Hill |
| an American Indian people, the American government forced to move west to Oklahoma in the 1830s. | cherokees |
| fought between the Northern and Southern states from 1861 to 1865 | american civil war |
| the group of states that seceded from the United States in 1860 and 1861 to form a new nation. | confederacy |
| the document that established the national government of the United States | constitution |
| born in Tennessee, was a frontier settler, politician, and folk hero of the early 1800s. | Davy Crockett |
| the president of the Confederacy during the Civil War. | Jefferson Davis |
| The Declaration of Independence was written in 1776 largely by | Thomas Jefferson |
| escaped from slavery before the Civil War and became an eloquent speaker and writer for the Abolitionist cause | Fredrick Douglass |
| was the document issued during the Civil War in which President Abraham Lincoln declared that all the slaves held in the Confederate states should be freed. | Emancipation Proclamation |
| is often called the father of his country because he was the head of the American armies during the Revolutionary War and the first president of the United States | George Washington |
| were the men who signed the Declaration of Independence and helped write the Constitution of the U.S. | Founding Fathers |
| the beginning words of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. | Four score and 7 years ago |
| the national holiday that celebrates the founding of the United States | Fourth of July |
| one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Many of sayings, such as "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise" are still quoted. His most famous experiment proved that lightning was electricity. | Benjamin Franklin |
| the most important battle of the Civil War. | the battle of gettysburg |
| a short speech given by President Abraham Lincoln on the battlefield at Gettysburg, PA | Gettysburg Address |
| Give me liberty, or give me death! | Patrick Henry |
| The Gold Rush of ---- occurred after gold was discovered in California. | 1849 |
| the leader of the Union armies at the end of the Civil War. | Ulysses S Grant |
| I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. | Nathan Hale |
| nicknamed "Old Hickory", was a military hero and president of the U.S. in the early nineteenth century | Andrew Jackson |
| the first permanent English settlement in America when English colonist arrived there early in the 1600s. | Jamestown Virginia |
| the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and the 3rd president of the U.S. | Thomas Jefferson |
| he brilliant general who commanded the Confederate armies during the Civil War. | Robert E Lee |
| led a group of men through the new territories west of the Mississippi River, reached the Rocky Mountains, and continued on through Oregon to the Pacific | Lewis and Clark expedition |
| a symbol of American independence and freedom | Liberty Bell |
| the 16th president of the U.S | Abraham Lincoln |
| known as the father of the Constitution because of his ideas about organizing the United States government | James Madison |
| runs between Pennsylvania and Maryland, is the traditional boundary between the North and the South | Mason dixon line |
| the ship that carried the Pilgrims from England to America in the early 1600s and landed in what is now Massachusetts. | Mayflower |
| fought between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 and resulted in the United States gaining territory in the Southwest. | The mexican War |
| a volunteer soldier in the years before the Revolutionary war. Volunteers were organized and trained to be ready to fight "at a minute's notice." | minuteman |
| a foreign policy statement issued by President James Monroe in 1823. | Monroe Doctrine |
| the American religious group that settled Utah under the leadership of Brigham Young and founded Salt Lake City in the 1800s. | Mormons |
| an American Indian people of the southwestern U.S. Shortly after the Civil War, they were forced by the U.S. government to move onto a reservation. | navajos |
| the settlers who came to America in the early 1600s because their Puritan religion had been outlawed in England | Pilgrims |
| the settlement started by the Pilgrims in the early 1600s in what is now eastern Massachusetts | Plymouth colony |
| a large boulder in Plymouth, Massachusetts | Plymouth Rock |
| the daughter of the Indian chief Powhatan, lived in Virginia in the early 1600s. | Pocahantas |
| a method of delivering mail through the western territories. | pony express |
| were English Protestants who settled New England. | puritans |
| an English religious group that came to America and settled in what is now Pennsylvania in the 1600s. | Quakers |
| a Revolutionary War patriot. He is famous for his midnight ride from Boston to Lexington, Massachusetts, to warn the colonist that the British troops were coming. | Paul Revere |
| the war for independence fought in the late 1700s by the American colonies against Great Britain | Revolutionary War |
| a Philadelphia seamstress during the Revolutionary War who, it is said, made the first official American flag in the form of the Stars and Stripes. | Betsy Ross |
| . A number of people in Salem, Massachusetts, were accused of being witches and were tried, convicted, and hanged. These trials became known as the -------. | Salem Witch Trials |
| an American Indian people from Florida. The U.S. government forced most of them to move west in the early 1800s, but some kept their lands in the Everglades. | Seminoles |
| are an American Indian people who originally inhabited parts of what is now the Midwest of the U.S. They fought several wars against the white settlers. | shawnee |
| refers to the first shot fired in the Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. | "shot heard round the world" |
| two famous Sioux chiefs. | Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse |
| a system in which human beings are treated as personal property and forced to work without pay. | Slavery |
| was the mother of our first president George Washington | Mary Ball Washington |
| a nickname for the official flag of the United States. | Stars and Stripes |
| Before the Revolutionary War, the English-speaking people on the east coast of North America were organized into ------ colonies governed by England. | thirteen |
| an escaped slave who became famous as a spokeswoman against slavery during the mid-1800s. | sojourner truth |
| an abolitionist of the 1800s, was an escaped slave who helped hundreds of other slaves gain freedom through the Underground Railroad. | Harriet Tubman |
| a slave who led a slave revolt in Virginia. Later, he was captured and hanged. | Nat Turner |
| a character in a famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe before the Civil War, Uncle Tom's cabin, which exposed the terrible conditions of slavery. | Uncle Tom |
| a network of houses and other buildings used to help slaves escape to freedom in the Northern states or Canada. | Underground Railroad |
| fought between Britain and the United States. | War of 1812 |
| George Washington and the American army camped at ---------, Pennsylvania during one winter in the Revolutionary War. It was a harsh season and there was not enough food or clothing. Many of the men deserted. | Valley Forge |
| signed on December 24, 1814, in Ghent, (Belgium), was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812. | The treaty of Ghent |
| the leader of the American armies during the Revolutionary War, became the first President of the United States. He is called the Father of His Country. | George Washington |
| a large wooden pole made by the Indians of the Pacific Northwest that often has the heads of animals, gods, and people carved on it. | A totem pole |
| the group of Northern states that fought against the Southern states in the Civil War. | Union |
| the name given to the burning of the White House and other political buildings in Washington, D.C., by British forces in August 1814, during the War of 1812 | The Burning of Washington |
| During the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778, a private's young wife, Mrs. John Hays, carried water in a pitcher back and forth from a well to her husband and his fellow artillery gunners, earning the nickname ----------. | Molly Pitcher |
| America's first continuously-published newspaper | Boston News Letter |
| an English soldier and explorer who helped to found the settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. | Captain John Smith |
| a prominent U.S. army officer, secretly arranged with British Major John Andre to hand over West Point to the British. | Benedict Arnold |
| a founding father, and the first Secretary of the Treasury, died in 1804 from a duel with rival Aaron Burr. | Alexander Hamilton |
| credited with making the first stars-and-stripes flag | Betsy Ross |
| put the world on notice not only that the land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi would be settled, but that it would eventually become part of the United States. | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| celebrated in 1621, to commemorate the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony after a harsh winter. | Thanksgiving |
| Kentucky became the ---- state to join the Union. | 15th |
| the first U.S. Postmaster General. | Benjamin Franklin |
| a phrase from the nineteenth century; it points out that four of the first five presidents (George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe) were from Virginia. | Virginia Dynasty |
| born on Christmas Eve, 1809, in Madison County, Kentucky, near Richmond. During his long and illustrious career ranging throughout the Desert Southwest, he was a trapper, guide, military scout, Indian agent, soldier, rancher and authentic legend. | Kit Carson |
| signed on February 2, 1848, ended the Mexican War. | The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| often used to refer to the period of increasing sectionalism leading to the American Civil War, instead of the term "pre-Civil War". | antebellum |
| was an American pioneer and soldier who took a prominent part in the Texas Revolution and was killed at the Battle of the Alamo, March 6, 1836. He is also known for the style of knife he carried, which came to be known as the "Bowie knife". | Jim Bowie |
| The time period after the civil war | reconstruction |
| Often overlooked in many history books, The -------- between Spain and the United States played a major role in the expansion of the infant nation's boundaries | treaty of san lorenzo |
| Kentucky is divided into ---- counties. | 120 |
| the capital of the United States, is on the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia. | Washington DC |
| a mountain chain that extends almost the entire length of the East Coast, from Quebec, Canada, to Alabama. | Appalachians |
| part of the Appalachian mountain chain, are mostly in Virginia and North Carolina. | The Blue Ridge Mountains |
| in Florida, is the site of the John F. Kennedy Space Center, where the space program launches rockets. | Cape Canaveral |
| an active volcano in the state of Washington. | Mount Saint Helens |
| part of the Appalachian Mountains along the Tennessee-North Carolina border. | The Great Smoky Mountains |
| The tallest mountain in the United States | Mount McKinley |
| The highest point in Kentucky | Big Black Mountain |
| the largest amount of gold stored anywhere in the world is stored here | Fort Knox, Kentucky |
| a mountain range in northeastern New York state. | Adirondacks |
| The United States is made of ---- states. | 50 |
| a mountain range extending from northern Pennsylvania to southwestern Virginia. | Alleghenies |
| called the Motor City because it is the center of automobile manufacturing in the country. | Detroit, Michigan |
| is the largest city in Pennsylvania. | Philadelphia |
| a major Midwestern city and the country's third most populous city. It is nicknamed the Windy City because of the strong winds that blow there. | Chicago, Illinois |
| a rock sculpture that features the faces of four American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. It is located in the Black Hills of South Dakota. | Mount Rushmore |
| a village on the Outer Banks off the coast of North Carolina. Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first successful airplane flight there in 1903. | Kitty Hawk |
| in California, is where parts of the earth's surface rub each other and cause earthquakes. | San Andreas Fault |
| a desert valley in eastern California that is so named because of its harsh climate. | Death Valley |
| a river in the Southwest. It flows along the southern border of Texas and divides the United States from Mexico. | Rio Grande |
| a deep, wide canyon in Arizona formed by the Colorado River. | The Grand Canyon |
| the vast, flat area of prairie, or grassland that extends through parts of the Midwest, the West, and the Southwest. | The Great Plains |
| a group of five lakes in the north-central part of the U.S. along the Canadian border | The Great Lakes |
| a large saltwater lake in Utah. | The Great Salt Lake |
| a pair of spectacular waterfalls in western New York state on the Canadian border. | Niagra Falls |
| a large, marshy region in southern Florida famous for its wildlife, including alligators and crocodiles. | The Everglades |
| a canal in New York state that connected the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. | The Erie Canal |
| is the longest River in the United States at 2,540 miles. | Missouri River |
| the second longest river in the United States at 2,340. | Mississippi River |
| a river in New York state. It flows to the Atlantic Ocean past the west side of Manhattan Island. | The Hudson River |
| the only state in the Pacific Ocean, is a group of tropical islands far to the southwest of the United States mainland. | Hawaii |
| an island southeast of Florida, in the Caribbean Sea, is a commonwealth of the United States. | Puerto Rico |
| the part of the Atlantic Ocean bordered by the southern coast of the United States and the eastern coast of Mexico. | Gulf of Mexico |
| The United States is bordered on the north by the country of | Canada |
| The United States is bordered on the south by the country of | Mexico |
| in the Arctic, is the northernmost point on Earth. | North Pole |
| in Antarctica, is the southernmost point on the earth. | South Pole |
| the northern continent with the Atlantic Ocean on its east and the Pacific Ocean on its west. | North America |
| a continent in the Southern Hemisphere with the Atlantic Ocean on its east and the Pacific Ocean on its west. Its main languages are Spanish and Portuguese. | South America |
| the world's largest continent and is populated by more than half of the world's people | Asia |
| the second largest continent. | Africa |
| the smallest continent | Austrailia |
| the continent west of Asia | Europe |
| the continent at the South Pole. Most of it is covered with ice. | Antartica |
| the largest ocean in the world, extending from the Arctic Ocean to Antarctica. | Pacific Ocean |
| the second largest ocean in the world, extends from the Arctic Ocean to Antarctica. | Atlantic Ocean |
| the third largest ocean in the world, lies between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. | Indian Ocean |
| surrounds the North Pole. It is the world's smallest ocean. It is mostly covered by solid ice, ice floes, and icebergs. | Artic Ocean |
| the part of the Atlantic Ocean bordered by the southern coast of the United States and the eastern coast of Mexico. | Gulf of Mexico |
| an inlet of the Indian Ocean, between Iran to the north and Saudi Arabia to the south. It is bordered by several other Arab countries as well. | Persian Gulf |
| a salt lake between Israel and Jordan in southwestern Asia, in what is commonly called the Middle East. It is the lowest point on the surface of the earth. The oldest biblical scrolls in existence have been found there. | The Dead Sea |
| bordered by southern Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. It is the largest inland sea in the world and connects with the Atlantic Ocean through the narrow Straight of Gibraltar. | The Mediterranean Sea |
| a long, narrow part of the Indian Ocean between Saudi Arabia and Africa. | The Red Sea |
| the part of the Pacific Ocean between Alaska and Russia. | The Bering Sea |
| lies between Europe and Asia and is almost completely enclosed by land except for a narrow connection to the Aegean Sea. | The Black Sea |
| the largest body of water in the world that is completely surrounded by land, making it really a huge salt water lake. | The Caspian Sea |
| the northeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Turkey. Many of the famous Greek islands are found here. | The Aegean Sea |
| the longest river in the world. It is in Africa, mainly in Egypt, and empties into the Mediterranean Sea. | The Nile |
| the longest river in South America. After the Nile, it is the longest river in the world and carries more water than any other river. | The Amazon |
| a river in southwestern Asia, in what is called the Middle East. It is in Israel and Jordan and is sacred to Christians | The Jordan River |
| a river in India that is sacred to members of the Hindu religion. | The Ganges River |
| connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea | The Suez Canal |
| in the Central American country of Panama, was built by American engineers in the early 1900's | The panama canal |
| a mountain range in south-central Asia. The highest mountains in the world are found there, including the very highest, Mount Everest. | The Himalayas |
| in the Himalayas of central Asia, is the highest mountain in the world. | Mount Everest |
| a mountain in the European Alps between Switzerland and Italy. It is famous for its distinctive, pointed peak. | The Matterhorn |
| is the highest mountain in Africa. | Kilimanjaro |
| a mountain range in Russia that divides Europe and Asia. | The Ural Mountains |
| a range of high mountains that cover parts of Germany, France, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria. | The Alps |
| the largest desert in the world. It lies in northern Africa. | The Sahara |
| in Mongolia. Dinosaur eggs have been found there. | The Gobi Desert |
| a peninsula in southern Spain overlooking a narrow sea lane between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea | Gibraltar |
| a region in southern Mexico that was the home of the ancient Mayan civilization. | The Yucatan |
| in northwestern Canada, east of Alaska. | The Yukon Territory |
| the world's largest island that is not a continent. It is in the northern Atlantic Ocean. | Greenland |
| in Eastern Europe and Asia, is the world's largest country. | Russia |
| the country north of the United States, is the world's second largest country. | Canada |
| in eastern Asia, has the largest population of any country in the world. | China |
| a country made up of islands in eastern Asia, east of Korea and Russia. Its capital is Tokyo, which is one of the most populous cities in the world. | Japan |
| the country at the southern tip of Africa and is famous for its production of gold and diamonds | South Africa |
| a small country in central Europe that lies in the Alps | Switzerland |
| a country in southern Europe. On a map, it looks like a boot jutting out into the sea | Italy |
| an English-speaking country in northwestern Europe made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. | The United Kingdom |
| a country in northwestern Europe. Along with Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales, is part of the United Kingdom | England |
| an oil-rich, Arabic-speaking country in southwestern Asia, in what is called the Middle East | Saudi Arabia |
| a mountainous country is southern Asia between Russia and Pakistan. | Afghanistan |
| a Spanish-speaking island country between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida. Its most populous city is Havana. | Cuba |
| the country directly south of the United States | Mexico |
| in eastern South America, is the largest country on the continent | Brazil |
| the name of a group of neighboring countries of northern Europe: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. | Scandinavia |
| a name used in the Western world to refer to certain countries of western Asia and the northeastern part of Africa. | The Middle East |
| a large, oil-rich peninsula in south-western Asia that is bounded on the east by the Persian Gulf, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the west by the Red Sea. | Arabia |
| the name for the narrow strip of land between Mexico and South America. | Central America |
| the capital of England and of the United Kingdom. One of the most populous cities of Europe, it is the site of Big Ben and Buckingham Palace. | London |
| the capital of France, on the Seine River. It is the site of the Eiffel Tower. | Paris |
| the capital of Italy and is known for its ancient ruins and the Vatican. | Rome |
| the capital and most populous city of Russia, is the site of the Kremlin. | Moscow |
| the capital of Greece and the site of the Parthenon. It is known as the birthplace of democracy. | Athens |
| a city in Italy known for its canals. People move from place to place in boats called gondolas | Venice |
| means change. | Amendment |
| includes 10 amendments | The Bill of Rights |
| guarantees freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly. | first amendment |
| permits citizens to bare arms. | second amendment |
| prohibits the quartering of soldiers in any house without consent of the owner. | third amendment |
| prohibits a police officer from simply crashing through your door and conducting a complete search of your home without a warrant. | fourth amendment |
| states that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. | fifth amendment |
| guarantees that a person accused of a felony will receive a speedy and public trial. | sixth amendment |
| describe the types of punishment prohibited by the 8th amendment to the U.S. Constitution. | cruel and unusual |
| prohibits slavery. | thirteenth amendment |
| "due process of the law" clause is found. | fourteenth amendment |
| gave blacks the right to vote. | 15th amendment |
| called Prohibition because it prohibited the sale of alcohol, was repealed | 18th amendment |
| states that all citizens have the right to vote. | 19th amendment |
| says you can serve no more than two terms as president of the United States. | 22nd amendment |
| gave 18 year olds the right to vote. | Last amendment |
| ----- of the states must ratify before the proposed amendments can become effective. | 3/4 |
| “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union” is the beginning to the -----------. | Preambke to the constitution |
| the document that established the United States government and its system of laws | constitution |
| There are --- articles in the U.S. Constitution. | 7 |
| According to the Constitution, a census must be taken once every --- years. | 10 |
| the two crimes specified in the U.S. Constitution. | treason & bribery |
| all Americans may write what they please and make public what they think in books, magazines, newspapers, radio, and television. | Freedom of the press |
| all Americans may express their ideas even if they disagree with and criticize the government. | Freedom of speech |
| There are--branches of government called for by the Constitution of the United States. | 3 |
| give each branch of American government certain powers. | checks and balances |
| one of the three main parts, or branches, of the federal government. It is made up of the President, the Vice-President, and other officials. Its function is to carry out laws passed by the Legislative Branch | Executive branch |
| one of the three main parts, or branches, of the federal government. It is responsible for making the laws and is made up of the two houses of Congress. | Legislative Branch |
| the part of the federal government that makes the laws, the legislative branch, is called ------. It consists of two groups, or houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. | Congress |
| One of the two groups, or houses, in the United States Congress is the ----. The number of these, each of whom is elected for a term of two years, is based on the number of people who live in each state. | House of Representatives |
| One of the two groups, or houses, in the United States Congress is the ----. Each state is represented by two of these, each of whom is elected for a term of six years. | Senate |
| one of the three main parts, or branches, of the federal government. It is made up of the courts, which explain and apply the laws passed by the legislative branch. | Judicial Branch |
| responsible for interpreting the laws and resolving any conflicts that arise from such laws. | Judicial Branch |
| The highest, or most powerful, court in the American judicial system is called the -------. It can overturn the decisions of lower courts and has the final say on how our laws are applied. | Supreme Court |
| In 1896 the Supreme Court decision involving ----------- was the foundation for the Separate but Equal Doctrine. | Plessy versus Ferguson |
| stems from a Supreme Court case involving a man from Arizona named Miranda. | The reading of the rights |
| can say that the Constitution has granted his group the sole power of impeachment. | House of Representatives |
| the formal way of disciplining the President. | impeachment |
| can declare war against another nation. | The United States Congress |
| All legislative powers granted in the Constitution shall be vested in ---------. | The house of representatives and the senate |
| have a six-year term | Senators |
| have a two-year term | Representatives |
| have four-year terms. | President and Vice President |
| A congressman who has failed to be re-elected and is serving the last session of his term | lame duck |
| a candidate in an election who currently holds the political office for which he is running. | incumbent |
| when the popularity of one candidate leads to increased votes for others on the same ticket in an election. | coattails |
| the process of voting, through which we choose a person for an elective position. | election |
| By using an ---- you can be out of the country and still vote. | absentee ballot |
| loss of voting rights. | Disfranchisement |
| a person legally empowered by another to represent him or vote for him at a meeting. | proxy |
| passed in 1965 suspended literacy tests and other devices that tried to limit the number of black voters. | The Voting Rights Act |
| Any number greater than half of the voters | Majority |
| A citizen of the United States is qualified to vote at the age of ---. | 18 |
| A presidential election occurs every -- years in the United States. | 4 |
| actually elects the president of the United States. | electoral college |
| In the event of a tie in the electoral voting for President, the Constitution grants authority to the ---- to choose the President. | House of Representatives |
| A new President swears to preserve and protect and defend the Constitution when he takes the -----. | oath of office |
| the commander-in-chief of the United States Army and Navy. | the president |
| A person must be at least ----- years old in order to hold the office of president of the United States. | 35 |
| the airplane for the president of the United States. | Air Force One |
| The President works out of the ----. | oval office |
| in Washington, D.C., is both the home and office of the president of the United States | The White House |
| the white, domed building on Capitol Hill, in Washington, D.C., where the United States Congress meets. | The capitol |
| a body of people chosen by the President to advise him and to manage certain branches of government. | Cabinet |
| when a president or governor refuses to sign a legislative bill. | veto |
| houses the Department of Defense. | Pentagon |
| the principal military advisory board to the President and Secretary of Defense. | Joint Chiefs of Staff |
| in charge of foreign affairs. | Secretary of State |
| responsible for setting standards of working hours, wages and safety of America's workers. | Department of Labor |
| responsible to protect and develop the natural resources of the country for the benefit of all people. | Department of the Interior |
| responsible for encouraging crop rotation and cooperating in the production of better livestock. | Department of Agriculture |
| responsible for prosecuting violations of federal laws, supervising federal prisons, investigating petitions for paroles, and regulating the sale of narcotics. | Department of Justice |
| handles collection of revenue, controls coinage of money, administers the Secret Service, and administers the Bureau of the Mint. | Department of Treasury |
| the abbreviation for the federal agency that promotes food and drug purity. | FDA |
| The space shuttle program has been developed under a federal agency known as ---. | NASA |
| the United States government agency that runs the space program. | NASA |
| supervises the payment of pensions and disability allowances to qualifying former military personnel. | The Veterans Administration |
| licenses television and radio stations | FCC |
| responsible for collecting federal income tax. | IRS |
| a federal agency that collects and analyzes information about foreign countries. | CIA |
| a government agency that keeps track of information, or "intelligence," regarding other nations. Some people who work for the CIA are spies | CIA |
| a national law enforcement group that gathers information and investigates the breaking of federal laws | FBI |
| the form of government in which power is held by the people and granted to their freely elected representatives for the purpose of running the government. | democracy |
| Two political Parties | Democratic, and Republican |
| a Latin phrase meaning "Out of many, one.” It is a motto of the United States because we are one nation made up of many states. | E pluribus Unum |
| Governments draw their powers from the --- according to the Declaration of Independence. | people |
| written mainly by Thomas Jefferson, is the document that declared the United States to be an independent nation. | Declaration of Independence |
| the three inalienable rights of people cited by the Declaration of Independence. | Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness |
| a formal promise of loyalty to the United States that is often recited at public events. | The Pledge of Allegiance |
| In the United States, people have the right to be treated the same regardless of their race, sex, or religion. These rights, which are guaranteed by law, are the -----. | civil rights |
| a type of democracy in which power is distributed to officials who are elected by the people. | republic |
| A government that is headed by a king or queen | monarchy |
| a government in which all the power is held by one person or small group of people. | dictatorship |
| an economic and political movement started in the 1800's by Karl Marx. | communism |
| the government runs the economy and tries to spread the wealth so that nobody will be poor. | socialism |
| the economic system under which most economic decisions are made and ownership is retained by individuals rather than the government. | capitalism |
| a plan for spending money | budget |
| rhetoric, whether spoken, written, or visual, that seeks to persuade people to believe certain political ideas | propaganda |
| An immigrant must go through ---- in order to become a United States citizen | naturalization |
| The voluntary giving up of one's citizenship | expatrician |
| the repetition of the same consonant sounds or different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or stressed syllables | alliteration |
| the repetition of vowel sounds. | assonance |
| the repetition of consonant sounds | Consonance |
| occurs when a word or the last part of a word sounds like another word or the last part of another word. | rhyme |
| the attitudes and feelings associated with a word versus its dictionary meaning | connotation |
| the literal dictionary meaning of a word. | denotation |
| a type of language that varies from the norms of literal language, in which words mean exactly what they say It usually involves a comparison between two things that may not, at first, seem to relate to one another | figurative language |
| describes something by comparing it to something else. | simile |
| a way of describing something by comparing it to something else, but without using the words like or as | metaphor |
| a combination of contradictory terms | oxymoron |
| a literary device wherein the sound of a word echoes the sound it represents | Onomatopoeia |
| a figure of speech in which an overstatement or exaggeration occurs | hyperbole |
| a figure of speech, which endows animals, ideas, or inanimate objects with human traits or abilities | personification |
| a point-by-point comparison of two like things | analogy |
| a special kind of contrast between appearance and reality- usually one in which reality is the opposite of what one expects. | irony |
| a word or group of words in a literary work which appeal to one or more of the senses | imagery |
| a character, an action, a setting, or an object representing something else can be a symbol. | symbolism |
| an indirect reference to another famous person, literary work, or place | allusion |
| a situation or a statement that seems to contradict itself, but on closer inspection, does not. | paradox |
| a play on words wherein a word is used to convey two meanings at the same time | pun |
| a writer’s technique in which the author provides clues or hints as to what is going to happen later in the story. | foreshadowing |
| a writer’s technique in which the author interrupts the plot of the story to reveal an incident of an earlier time | flashback |
| any person who appears in works of fiction such as novels, poems, plays, movies, cartoons and comic books, and television shows. | character |
| The character who changes in a story | dynamic |
| one who remains the same | static |
| A character whose many personality traits are revealed | round |
| a character more simply described | flat |
| the central character or hero in a narrative or drama, usually, the one with whom the audiences identifies with. | protagonist |
| the principal character in opposition to the protagonist. | antagonist |
| the structure of a story or the sequence in which the author arranges events in a story. | plot |
| an ingredient of a literary work, which gives the work unity. | theme |
| the time and place in which a story unfolds. | setting |
| the use of time order to create change or make a point in prose or poetry. | chronology |
| concentrates on the vantage point of the speaker, or "teller", of the story or poem. | point of view |
| expresses the author's attitude toward his or her subject. | tone |
| the person who tells the story in a work of fiction. | narrator |
| the atmosphere or feeling created by a literary work, partly by a description of the objects or by the style of the descriptions | mood |
| the early part of a story that normally sets the tone, establishes setting, introduces the characters, and gives important background | exposition |
| includes the events in a story that move the plot along by adding complications or expanding the conflict. | rising action |
| occurs in the plot of a drama when some person or force in the play opposes the protagonist. | conflict |
| the turning point, the moment when the readers’ interest and emotional intensity reach the highest point | climax |
| in a plot structure occurs after the climax | falling action |
| also known as falling action. | resolution |
| in fiction results primarily from two factors: the reader's identification with and concern for the welfare of a convincing and sympathetic character, and an anticipation of violence | suspense |
| a conversation between two or more characters in either fiction or non-fiction. | dialouge |
| a moment in drama, when a character is alone and speaks his or her thoughts aloud. | Soliloquy |
| a term that refers to imaginary stories, events that did not really happen as described | fiction |
| any writing based entirely on facts, real and true events. | non-fiction |
| a literary type or form | genre |
| a type of fiction, whether a play, story, or movie, that ends happily for the main character and contains at least some humor | comedy |
| a serious play in which the main character (usually an important, heroic person) meets with disaster, either because of a personal fault or through events that cannot be helped | tragedy |
| a long story, written in prose | novel |
| a brief story that ends with a moral | fable |
| the lesson that a story or a fable is meant to teach. | moral |
| a story in which the hero or heroine triumphs over adversity, often with the aid of a fairy or other supernatural creature. | fairy tale |
| a story that has been told by many generations of people before it is written down | folk tale |
| a true story of a person’s life, written by the person. | autobiography |
| a book that tells the story of a person’s life, not written by the person | biography |
| a work of fiction in prose that is shorter than a novel. | short story |
| a story that is performed by actors and actresses on a stage | play |
| a work of literature that is written in lines, like songs. | poem |
| three main types of Poetry | lyrical, narrative, and dramatic |
| which does not rhyme but which does have meter | blank verse |
| does not have either meter or rhyme | free verse |
| a long poem that describes heroic deeds and adventures | epic |
| a humorous poem with five lines | Limerick |
| a subdivision of an epic poem. | Canto |
| can be used to mean poetry in general or to refer to a stanza of a poem or song. | verse |
| a unit of lines in a poem usually arranged in a recurring pattern of rhyme or rhythm. | stanza |
| a rhyming pair of lines. | couplet |
| the recurrence of a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. | meter |
| placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. | prefix |
| placed at the end of a word to modify or extend meaning | suffix |
| a fictitious name, or pseudonym, used by a writer. | pen name |
| a writer’s choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, and figurative language, which combine to help create meaning. | Diction |
| a word which makes the reader see the object described in a clearer or sharper light | epithet |
| a word or phrase made by transposing the letters | anagram |
| harshness in the sound of words or phrases | cacophony |
| a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness | satire |
| designed to teach an ethical, moral, or religious lesson | didatic literature |
| soothing pleasant sounds | Euphony |
| a term used to describe one's worst enemy, normally someone or something that is the exact opposite of oneself but is also somehow similar. | Nemisis |
| a very concise statement expressing a general truth or wise observation often in a clever way. | Aphorism |
| a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature or drama, usually used to bring closure to the work. | epilogue |
| an introductory passage or speech before the main action of a novel, play, or long poem | prologue |
| a Latin phrase which translated is "Sieze (Catch) the day," meaning "Make the most of today." | Carpe Diem |
| a mild word of phrase which substitutes for another which would be undesirable because it is too direct, unpleasant, or offensive. | Euphemism |
| a judgment based on reasoning rather than on direct or explicit statement. | inference |
| An unverifiable story based on a religious belief | myth |
| a poem in praise of something divine or expressing some noble idea. | Ode |
| a literary work that has to do with shepherds and rustic settings. | pastoral |
| a group of three lines of verse that rhyme with each other or with another group of three | tercet |
| part of a drama which follows the climax and leads to the resolution | denouement |
| the point in a drama to which the entire play has been leading. | conclusion |
| a verse of poetry consisting of four lines, especially one with lines that rhyme alternately | quatrain |
| a metrical pattern in a line of poetry characterized by one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable. | trochee |
| a fourteen-line poem usually written in iambic pentameter. | sonnet |
| a literary work that imitates the style of another literary work. | parody |
| A statement which lessens or minimizes the importance of what is meant | understatement |
| In literature ---- is the occurrence of a single speaker saying something to a silent audience. | dramatic monologue |
| a body of works that are considered to be "genuine" or "official | canon |
| Words intended to belittle a person or idea and arouse contemptuous laughter | ridicule |
| an angle that measures less than a right angle, that is, less than 90 degrees. | acute angle |
| created when two lines meet at the same point | angle |
| an angle measuring 90 degrees | right angle |
| a symbol whose value can change in a formula or equation. | variable |
| the amount of surface contained by a figure, such as a rectangle, a square, or a circle | area |
| the most commonly used type of average | arithmetic mean |
| any operation for which (a+b)+c = a+(b+c) for all values of a, b, and c. | associative property |
| a kind of chart used to compare data | bar graph |
| a straight line joining two points on the same curve or circle. | chord |
| a round, closed plane (flat) figure. | circle |
| the edge or boundary of a circle | circumference |
| a part of the circumference of a circle and is measured in degrees | arc |
| a multiple shared by the denominators of two or more fractions. | common denominator |
| a three-dimensional figure that rises from a circular base to a single point (called an apex) at its top. | cone |
| a three-dimensional figure that has six square faces. | cube |
| any operation for which a+b = b+a for all values of a and b | commutative property |
| a rounded, three-dimensional figure that has a flat, circular face at each end, such as a rolling pin or a hockey puck | cylinder |
| a fraction written according to the decimal number system | decimal |
| a unit of measurement for angles and arcs and is indicated by a small circle ( °). | degree |
| the bottom number of a fraction and indicates the number of parts needed to make a whole uni | denominator |
| If a figure can be divided into two parts that are mirror images of each other, the figure has --- | symmetry |
| the result of subtracting two numbers or expressions. | difference |
| a ratio that shows the size relationship between a diagram and the real thing it represents. | scale |
| says that if a, b, and c are real numbers, then a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c) | distributive property |
| a number that is to be divided. | dividend |
| A number is divisible by another number ONLY when the divisor divides into it equally, with -----. | no remainder |
| the number that divides the dividend. | divisor |
| a closed, oval, plane (flat) figure that is not as round as a circle. | ellipse |
| the numbers used by the ancient Romans, which resemble the letters of our alphabet. | roman numerals |
| A statement that two different numbers or mathematical expressions are equal to each other | equation |
| A triangle that has three sides of equal length and three angles of equal size | equilateral |
| a rough guess at a number. | estimate |
| a number that can be divided by 2 without leaving a remainder | even number |
| means to break a number apart according to place value | Expanded Form |
| the small number to the right and above the main number that shows how many times the number is to be multiplied by itself. | exponent |
| a number that is being multiplied | factor |
| a structure used to find the prime factorization of a positive integer. | factor tree |
| a number that expresses a part of a whole. | fraction |
| the mathematical study of shapes (such as triangles), three-dimensional figures or solids (such as cubes and cylinders), and positions in space (such as points). | geometry |
| the largest integer that divides evenly into each of a given set of numbers | Greatest Common Factor |
| the longest side of right triangle and is opposite the right angle. | hypotenuse |
| the quantity which, when combined with another quantity using an operation, leaves the quantity unchanged | Identity property |
| refers to a set of numbers that go on without end. | infinity |
| the set of numbers that includes zero, positive, and negative numbers but not fractions | integers |
| In geometry, two figures are said to --- when they cross each other. | intersect |
| has two straight sides of equal length and two angles of equal size | isosceles |
| a triangle that has no sides of the same length | scalene |
| a decimal with a digit or pattern of digits that repeats itself forever to infinity. | repeating decimal |
| something that has length but no width | line |
| a chart that shows data clearly and simply | line graph |
| part of a line | line segment |
| the lowest multiple shared by the denominators of two fractions | least common denominator |
| the smallest positive integer into which two or more integers divide evenly | least common multiple |
| a number written as the sum of an integer and a proper fraction | mixed number |
| When a set of numbers is arranged in order form the least to the greatest, the --- is the middle number. | median |
| the number that occurs the most often in a list. | mode |
| a quantity into which another quantity can be divided with zero remainder. | multiple |
| less than zero and is written with a minus sign in front of it | negative number |
| the top part of a fraction and the number that is divided by the denominator. | numerator |
| an angle greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. | obtuse angle |
| a plane (flat) figure with eight straight sides. | octagon |
| a number that cannot be divided evenly by two. | odd |
| Any two numbers whose sum is zero are ---- numbers to each other. | opposite |
| a pair of numbers that represents a position on a line graph. | ordered pair |
| lines that never meet. | parallel lines |
| a plane (flat) figure with four straight sides. | parallelogram |
| used in mathematics to show that the operation inside them should be treated as a single quantity. | parentheses |
| a plane (flat) figure with five straight sides. | pentagon |
| a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. | percent |
| the distance around the edge of a multisided figure | perimeter |
| a single number form 0 to 9 that occupies one place | digit |
| Two straight lines are ---- when they form a right angle | perpendicular |
| the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. It is expressed numerically as 3.14 | Pi |
| of any number is the number that, when squared (multiplied by itself once), gives the original number as a product. | square root |
| means to answer a question writing out the answer in words rather than numbers. | word form |
| a flat area | plane |
| represents a position but has no size. | point |
| when the numerator and denominator have no common factors other than 1. | simplest form |
| the chance that a particular thing will happen. | probability |
| a many-sided plane figure, such as a pentagon or an octagon | polygon |
| a number that cannot be divided evenly by any number except itself and 1. | prime |
| the result of multiplication. | product |
| writing an integer as a product of powers of prime numbers. | prime factorization |
| a ratio or a comparison of ratios and can be expressed as a fraction. | proportion |
| a three-dimensional figure whose base is a polygon and whose sides are triangles that come to a point at the top. | pyramid |
| a plane (flat) or polygon figure with four straight sides. | quadrilateral |
| the length of a straight line drawn from the center to the circumference. | radius |
| the result of division. | quotient |
| the area between limits within which things may move or function. | range |
| a way of comparing two different kinds of quantities | rate |
| the answer to an addition problem. | sum |
| If you multiply one number by another and get 1 for an answer, the numbers being multiplied are ----. | reciprocals |
| a plane (flat) figure with four straight sides that form four right angles. | rectangle |
| the number left over when one number is divided by another | remainder |
| a parallelogram that has four straight sides of the same length but no right angles. | rhombus |
| a group of things with a common property and is indicated by braces: { }. | set |
| In geometry, a --- is a three-dimensional figure such as a cube, a cone, or a pyramid. | solid |
| an Illustration of set operations | venn diagram |
| a three-dimensional round figure, such as a basketball | sphere |
| a plane (flat) figure with three straight sides | triangle |
| a plane (flat) figure with four straight sides having two sides parallel. | trapezoid |
| the total amount of space enclosed in a solid. | volume |
| Cigarette smoking causes damage to these two systems. | Respiratory and Circulatory systems |
| acts as a depressant on the body. | alcohol |
| Alcohol mainly affects the ------. | brain |
| a disorder aggravated by smoking, affects the respiratory system. | bronchitis |
| an addictive drug found in tobacco products. | nicotine |
| A substance other than food that changes the structure or function of the body and mind | drug |
| Drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases and other conditions | medicines |
| Medicines that reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body | antibiotics |
| The physical or psychological need for a drug | addiction |
| The beliefs and ideal that guide the way a person lives | values |
| The connections you have with other people and groups in your life | relationships |
| the basic unit of society. | family |
| your ability to get along with people around you. | social health |
| To make a deliberate decision to avoid a high-risk behavior | abstinence |
| known as solving a disagreement in a way that satisfies both sides. | conflict-resolution |
| The influence to go along with the beliefs and actions of your peers | peer pressure |
| The ability to accept yourself and others, adapt to and cope with emotions, and deal with the problems and challenges you meet in life | mental and emotional health |
| the view that you have of yourself. | self-concept |
| The way you feel about yourself or how you value yourself | self esteem |
| an overwhelming feeling of dread, much like fear. | anxiety |
| the ability to understand and share another person’s feelings. | empathy |
| a process in which a third person helps those in conflict find a solution | mediation |
| passed from one person to another through body fluids. | HIV |
| The virus that causes AIDS | HIV |
| a deadly disease the interferes with the body’s natural ability to fight infection | AIDS |
| another word for the invisible boundaries that protects you. | limits |
| Having an accident or getting a speeding ticket because of driving too fast would be a ---. | consequence |
| consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products. | Circulatory System |
| consists of the organs that provide the body with a continuous supply or oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide. | Respiratory System |
| a part of the Respiratory system that exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide. | Lungs |
| consists of the brain and the spinal cord. | Nervous System |
| specialized cells that make up the Nervous system. | Neurons |
| an organ system that converts food to a form useful for the body. | Digestive System |
| one converts food into a form that is useful for the body and the other removes waste from the body. | Digestive & Excretory Systems |
| The process of removing waste from the body | excretion |
| a chemical communication system that regulates many body functions | endocrine system |
| made up of organs that make it possible for the production of offspring. | reproductive system |
| an internal system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissues. | skeletal system |
| The kind of food and drink that you choose to put in your body | diet |
| The ability to withstand hardship, adversity, and stress | endurance |
| Goals that can be achieved in a small amount of time | short term |
| Goals that take a lot of time to achieve and often have many phases before you reach achievement | long term |
| any event that was not intended to happen. | accident |
| The immediate temporary care given to an injured or ill person until he or she can get professional help | First Aid |
| the first aid procedure that combines rescue breathing with chest compressions to restore breathing and circulations. | CPR |
| A life-threatening condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough blood to vital tissues and organs | shock |
| If your clothes catch on fire, you should always ----------. | STOP DROP & ROLL |
| a whirling, funnel shaped windstorm that may drop from the sky to the ground. | tornado |
| a strong windstorm with driving rain that originates at sea. | hurricane |
| A very heavy snowstorm with high winds | blizzard |
| A violent shaking movement of the earth’s surface | earthquake |
| Which one is more serious, warning or watch? | warning |
| The abdominal thrust technique called the ------ is used to help a victim of choking. | Heimlich Maneuver |
| a break in a bone | fracture |
| any dirty or harmful substance in the environment. | pollution |
| Chemicals that are intended to kill or control insects | pesticides |
| The professional guidance of an individual by utilizing psychological methods | counseling |
| the harmonious functioning of parts for effective results | coordination |
| A proposition or situation offering a choice between two or more things | alternatives |
| something that promotes your well-being. | benefit |
| When you are in the state or condition of being prepared for an unexpected aggression or attack, you are said to be on the ----. | defensive |
| to keep something from happening by any means possible. | prevention |
| To pass something from one person to another | transmission |
| the drive to do something simply for the reward of feeling good and satisfied once it is accomplished. | self motavation |
| working without pay. | volunteering |
| A plan for saving and spending money | budget |
| following a person on the job for a few days in order to learn about a particular career. | job shadowing |
| the transmission of messages from one person to another through technology such as radio, television, satellites, and telephones. | communications |
| A summary of a job seeker’s personal information describing education, skills, work experience, activities, and interest | resume |
| a formal meeting between a job seeker and an employer about a possible job. | interview |
| Any form of education or training beyond high school | postsecondary education |
| a general term that includes all types of grants, loans, and work-study programs offered to a student to help pay tuition costs and living expenses | Financial Aid |
| The official certification that a student has completed a course | credit |
| financial aid a student does not have to repay, but it is usually awarded on the basis of accomplishments in school work, sports, community services, or other extra-curricular activities | scholarships |
| Students accumulate credits to earn a ----. | degree |
| the subject that a student concentrates his or her studies | major |
| a credential earned undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major after completing a period of college study that usually takes four to five years | Bachelor’s Degree |
| a student who is enrolled in a college, pursuing a two-year (associate’s) degree or a four-year (bachelor’s) degree. | undergraduate |
| an acronym that stands for Free Application for Federal Student Aid. | FAFSA |
| Most four year colleges and universities require a personal ---- as part of the application process. | essay |
| founded by abolitionists in 1855 and is one of the most highly regarded private colleges in the South. | Berea College |
| the fee for instruction | tuition |
| an academic degree awarded by community colleges, junior colleges, business colleges and some bachelors degree-granting colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study usually lasting two years. | Associates degree |
| an official document from a college that lists the types of financial aid awarded to a student and the applicable dollar amounts | award letter |
| a fancy way of saying that you are officially enrolled in a college or university. | matriculation |
| Students that have met or exceeded a college or university’s admission requirements will receive an ------- from that institution | acceptance letter |
| a small independent liberal arts college in the Appalachian Mountain range. | Union College |
| To be considered for admission to a college, a student must fill out and foreword an ------ to each individual college | application |
| a federal grant that provides funds based on a student’s financial need. | Pell Grant |
| a test published to measure a student's ability in math, verbal comprehension, and problem solving. | ACT |
| The university office that is responsible for the billing and collection of university charges | Bursars Office |
| The four largest colleges and universities in Kentucky | UK, University of Louisville, WKU, and EKU. |
| About -- percent of Lindsey Wilson College's students come from Kentucky | 84 |
| awarded to students with financial need and do not have to be repaid if classes are completed with a passing grade. | grants |
| an official record that lists the classes a student takes and the grades they received. | transcript |
| secondary focus of a Bachelor's degree | minor |
| allows a student to work on college campus and earn money to help for college | work-study |
| a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. | element |
| ability to do work. | energy |
| occurs when a liquid turns into a gas, or evaporates. | evaporation |
| a strict, highly controlled test of an idea. | experiment |
| an enormous group of stars | galaxy |
| was an Italian scientist of the 1600s. He has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy,” the "father of modern physics", and the "father of science". | Galileo Galilei |
| the force that pulls objects toward each other. | gravity |
| the scientific symbol for a water molecule. | H2O |
| the opposite of a base or alkali. | acid |
| is a strong base | alkali |
| the opposite of an acid | base |
| a very small planet. | asteroid |
| the science of heavenly bodies, such as the sun, the moon, the stars and the planets. | astronomy |
| the smallest particle of any element that can still be recognized as that element. | atom |
| consists of the different colors of light, form red to violet. | visible spectrum |
| the temperature at which something boils, or begins to change from a liquid to a gas. | boiling point |
| the tendency of something to float on a fluid because of its power to exert an upward force on objects | buoyancy |
| a chemical element used by all living things to make their cells. | carbon |
| causes an object going around in a circle to move away from the center. | centrifugal force |
| can exist as a solid, a liquid, or a gas | matter |
| the energy stored in a chemical substance. | chemical energy |
| the study of matter, especially at the level of atoms and molecules. | chemistry |
| an object that circles the sun in an extremely long orbit. | comet |
| a substance whose molecules have two or more elements. | compound |
| the temperature at which a gas condenses to liquid | condensation point |
| a pattern made by a group of stars in the sky. | constellation |
| the process of boiling a liquid and condensing the vapor. | distillation |
| occurs when one heavenly body blocks light traveling from the sun to another heavenly body. | eclipse |
| a very small, light particle that revolves around the nucleus of an atom. | electron |
| a resistance to change in motion; that is, the tendency of an object to keep moving in the same path or to stay still if it is not moving. | inertia |
| a chunk of stone or metal that enters the earth’s atmosphere from outer space | meteor |
| a uniform mixture, usually a liquid. | solution |
| a unit of electrical energy | watt |
| The ----- of an atom is the part in the center that contains most of its mass | nucleus |
| means to go around it | orbit |
| occurs when a substance combines with oxygen | oxidation |
| the science that studies matter and energy and the way they interact. | physics |
| a heavenly body that orbits a star. | planet |
| a property of certain substances that causes them to decay naturally, or change, over time. | radioactivity |
| occurs when light bounces off a surface | reflection |
| occurs when light bends as it passes through a clear substance like air or water. | refraction |
| a body that orbits a larger body | sattelite |
| Scientists have developed certain special research procedures called --------. | Scientific Method |
| the layer of air that surrounds the earth | atmosphere |
| a device for measuring air pressure. | barometer |
| its weather pattern over a long period | climate |
| masses of condensed water or ice particles floating in the air. | clouds |
| the center of the earth and consists of hot metals. | core |
| the vast, flat, cold area in the northern regions of the earth where no trees grow. | tundra |
| occurs when particles of rock and other materials fall to the bottom of rivers, lake, or oceans. | sedimentation |
| formed when layers of material from sedimentation are pressed together and hardened | sedimentary rock |
| occurs when soil and rocks are worn down and moved around by water, wind, or glaciers. | Erosion |
| a mountain created by the flow of melted rock through an opening in the earth’s surface. | volcano |
| created over million of years from the remains of animals and plants. | fossil fuels |
| formed from the remains of prehistoric animals and plants and are preserved in rock or other materials. | fossils |
| the study of how the earth is put together and what it is made of. | geology |
| made from very hot liquid matter that has cooled and hardened. | igneous rock |
| a narrow strip of land that connects two larger land masses. | isthmus |
| the red-hot melted rock that flows from a volcano. | lava |
| red-hot rock under the earth’s crust. | magma |
| the thick layer of rock below the earth’s surface that surrounds the core, or center, of the earth. | mantle |
| a deep valley in the floor of the Pacific Ocean. | Marianas Trench |
| made when one kind of rock is changed into another by heat and pressure. | metamorphic rock |
| the science of weather. | meteorology |
| mass of mineral matter | rock |
| any material that can be taken from the earth and used. | natural resource |
| a long section of land that extends into the water. | penninsula |
| a vast area of rigid rock just below the earth’s surface. | plate |
| a flat area high above the surrounding land | plateau |
| the amount of water in the air compared to the amount of water the air can hold. | relative humidity |
| the process in which water from the ocean evaporates into the air and then falls back to the earth as rain, hail, or snow. | water cycle |
| a crack in the earth’s surface, usually just below the crust. | fault |
| an area of fertile land that forms at the mouth of a river from soil that has been washed away from other regions and deposited at the mouth | delta |
| The anatomy of a plant or animal | structure |
| the science that studies living things | biology |
| the science that studies animals | zoology |
| the smallest part of any living thing that is able to function by itself | cell |
| the substance in green plants that gives them their color and helps in the process of photosynthesis. | Chlorophyll |
| part of the nucleus of a cell. | chromosome |
| Trees and shrubs that lose their leaves in the autumn | deciduous |
| a large molecule that is different for each species of living thing. | DNA |
| the science that studies the relationship between living things and their environment, or surroundings. | Ecology |
| the female reproductive cell | egg |
| male reproductive cell | sperm |
| a very young plant or animal | embryo |
| the process by which living things evolve, or change form, from one generation to the next. | evolution |
| part of the process of sexual reproduction in plants and animals. | fertilization |
| a plant part that produces seeds and sometimes fruit. | flower |
| a series of plants and animals that are linked together because they feed on each other. | food chain |
| part of a chromosome in a cell | gene |
| The place where an animal or plant normally lives | habitat |
| part of a flower that produces pollen. | stamen |
| The passing of traits from parents to children | heredity |
| the scientific, Latin name for humans as a species of animal. | homosapiens |
| Animals without backbones, like insects, and mollusks | invertabrates |
| warm-blooded animals with hair that make milk to feed their young. | mammals |
| a biologist and monk in Austria, discovered the laws of heredity by experimenting with pea plants. | Gregor Mendel |
| When an animal completely changes its form | metomorphosis |
| When plants or animals produce offspring, the process is called | reproduction |
| Animals with backbone, like mammals and reptiles | vertebrates |
| a process that takes place in green plants when the plant uses the energy in sunlight to make food for itself. | photosynthesis |
| part of a flower that contains the egg cells | pistil |
| a powder produced by the stamen of flowering plants. | pollen |
| a reference book containing facts and figures. | almanac |
| a relative who lived before you | ancestor |
| a large fleet of ships, especially warships | armada |
| an object left behind by people who lived long ago | artifact |
| a book of maps. | atlas |
| the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. | autobiography |
| the story of a person's life written by another person. | biography |
| when someone refuses to do business or have contact with a person, group, country, or product. | boycott |
| the weather of an area over a number of years. | climate |
| a human-built waterway | canal |
| the way a country's people use natural resources, money, and knowledge to produce goods and services. | economy |
| a settlement far away from the country that rules it. | colony |
| a system in which the government owns all property and makes nearly all decisions for its citizens. | communism |
| a type of prison in which the Nazis enslaved and murdered millions of people, mostly Jews, during World War II. | concentration camps |
| a name for the Spanish conquerors who first came to the Americas in the 1500's | conquistador |
| the name for a business that is owned by individuals who invest in that company | corporation |
| the entire way of life of a people, including their customs, beliefs, and language | culture |
| an imaginary line encircling the Earth halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole, designated as 0 degrees latitude. | equator |
| a person who leaves one country to live in another. | immigrant |
| To charge a government official with wrongdoing | impeachment |
| a person who agreed to work for someone in colonial America for a fixed amount of time in order to pay for the ocean voyage. | indentured servent |
| an imaginary line, or parallel, measuring distance north or south of the equator | latitude |
| an imaginary line, or meridian, measuring distance east or west of the prime meridian. | longitude |
| a soldier paid to fight for another country | mercenary |
| A person who has both Indian and Spanish ancestors | mestizo |
| a firsthand account of an event or an artifact created during the period of history that is being studied. | primary source |
| the line of longitude marked 0 degrees longitude | prime meridian |
| a political division of a country, as in Canada | province |
| A physical map that uses shading to show the difference in height between areas of land | relief map |
| During World War II, Japanese Americans living in the Western U.S. were held in prison camps called | relocation camps |
| a guide that explains the relationship between real distances on Earth and distances on a map. | scale |
| to break away from a group | secede |
| an account of the past based on information from primary sources and written by someone who was not an eyewitness to those events. | secondary source |
| a common system in the South in the late 1800's and early 1900's in which farmers rented land from a landowner by promising to pay the owner with a share of their crop. | sharecropping |
| a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada | underground railroad |
| the name of the government policy used by South Africa that stressed the separation or "apartness" of the races. | apartheid |
| decided not to oppose fascism | appeasement |
| a system of bridges and canals that carry water from place to place | aqueduct |
| a chain of islands. | archipelago |
| an agreement to stop fighting | armistice |
| a competition among nations to have the most weapons | arms race |
| an instrument that helped sailors navigate using the positions of the stars. | astrolabe |
| an island formed from a coral reef. | atoll |
| the exchange of one good or service for another | bartering |
| an economic system in which individuals invest money, or capital, in businesses | capitalism |
| Cardinal directions | North South East West |
| A person who makes maps | cartographer |
| a journey around the world by ship | circumnavigation |
| a person of Spanish or Portuguese descent who was born in America. | creole |
| a method of farming in which the kinds of crops planted in a field are alternated every year to help the soil remain fertile. | crop rotation |
| is the spread of ideas from one place to another | cultural diffusion |
| a triangle-shaped area of islands and marshes at the mouth of a river. | delta |
| A ruler with absolute authority | dictator |
| a ban on trade. | embargo |
| a person who takes a financial risk by providing money to start a business | entrepreneur |
| long story-poem. | epic |
| the killing of an entire group of people. | genocide |
| a huge farm or plantation in colonial Latin America | hacienda |
| 17-syllable Japanese poem that is often about nature. | haiku |
| The system of colors, patterns, and picture symbols that knights used during the Middle Ages in Europe | heraldry |
| the denial of the beliefs of a church | heresy |
| a writing system in which pictures or symbols stand for sounds, whole words, or ideas. | hieroglyphics |
| occurs when one country tries to enlarge itself by adding more lands, establishing colonies, and controlling those colonies | imperialism |
| a continuing increase in the price of goods. | inflation |
| a small strip of land, with water on both sides that connects two larger areas of land. | isthumus |
| The German word for emperor | kaiser |
| a small body of water found in the center of an atoll. | lagoon |
| a government policy of letting an economy continue without interference. | Laissez-faire |
| a large block of land made up of forests, meadows, farmland, a village, a church, and the house or castle of the noble who owned it all. | manor |
| a flat-topped hill with steep slopes | mesa |
| A person with no settled home | nomad |
| a paper like material on which ancient Egyptians used to write | papyrus |
| a document giving the inventor of a new idea or product the exclusive right to make or sell it for a limited period of time. | patent |
| a descendant of Rome's earliest settlers | patrician |
| a poor person who lived on and farmed land, although they owned no land of their own. | peasant |
| Ancient Egyptian rulers | pharoahs |
| the belief that one person is better than another because of the color of his skin | racism |
| term for a Japanese warrior. | samuri |
| the term applied to a peasant who worked on a manor. | serf |
| a religion of Japan | shinto |
| a semi-dry plain that produces some grasses and thorny plants. | steppe |
| A Muslim ruler in India | sultan |
| A tax on goods or services | tariff |
| the use of violent acts to further a cause | terrorism |
| A smaller river that feeds into a larger river | tributary |
| a hot, wetland with tall trees that block the sunlight. | tropical rainforest |
| a cold, treeless plain whose subsoil is permanently frozen | tundra |
| In the Middle Ages, a noble who agreed to perform services for the king in return for being given use of land | vassal |
| a large part of a colony or state | county |
| a narrow waterway that connects two larger bodies of water. | strait |
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