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Rue Psychology Blank

Question	Answer
This is a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a social category.	stereotype
If Roberta is shy, but she falls in love with Sven, who is very outgoing. What effect does this illustrate?	complementary traits
This is an unfair, intolerant, or unfavorable attitude toward another group of people.	prejudice
This is an act taken toward one group that is unfair when compared with our behavior toward other groups.	discrimination
Prejudicial beliefs are almost always learned during this stage of life.	adolescence
The frustration-aggression theory asserts that discrimination and prejudice result from ___.	displaced aggression
If someone is unjustly blames and punished for problems he or she did not cause they are considered a ___.	scapegoat
The belief that members of certain racial or ethnic groups are innately inferior is called ___.	racism
Any group of people who are viewed as competitors, enemies, or different and unworthy of respect are known as a(n) ___.	out-group
This is defined as a shared idea or expectation of how one should behave in various situations.	norm
Whenever a person has two contradictory cognitions at the same time a state of ___ occurs.	cognitive dissonance
Cognitive dissonance theory was developed by ___.	Leon Festinger
An attitude has how many major components?	3
Intimate communication is based on the process of ___.	self disclosure
The reward theory of attraction is based on the concept of ___.	exchange
Bringing repressed feelings to consciousness is the goal of this type of therapy.	psychoanalytic
___ is the founder of psychoanalysis.	Freud
The patient's carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward childhood authority figures is known as ___.	transference
Hallucinations are known as this type of symptom of schizophrenia.	positive
These are the most widely prescribed antipsychotic drugs.	neuroleptics
Virtually all antipsychotic drugs work by blocking these receptors in the brain.	dopamine
Tardive dyskinesia results from the prolonged use of these drugs.	antipsychotics
Drugs that combat depression work by increasing the amount of ___ in the brain.	norepinephrine
Bipolar disorder used to be known as ___.	manic depression
Ritalin is technically classified as a(n) ___.	psychostimulant
Electroconvulsive therapy is most often used to alleviate this disorder.	severe depression
This is brain surgery performed to change a person's behavior and emotional state.	psychosurgery
The main thurst of secondary prevention is ___.	intervention
Prozac is part of a class of antidepressant drugs known as ___.	SSRIs
This is the process of learning by watching someone else perform various behaviors.	modeling
In ancient primitive tribes, mental illness was nearly always attributed to ___.	supernatural powers
This was the first person to argue for leasant living conditions for the mentally ill.	Mesmer
This person developed the psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior.	Freud
The psychoanalytic model holds that behavior problems are a result of this stage of life.	childhood
The term diathesis means ___.	biological predisposition
This is the most widely used classification of psychological disorders.	DSM IV
Identify the most common mood disorder.	depression
When psychologists use the word "affect," they are referring to what?	emotion
The false beliefs about reality with no factual basis that schizophrenics experience is called ___.	delusion
A person with this disorder may suffer from echolalia.	autism
A person who is unable to enjoy sex without emotional or physical pain is considered a ___.	masochist
Researchers have found that the biological predisposition to schizophrenia may involve the faulty regulation of these two neurotransmitters.	dopamine and glutamate
Gender-identity disorders usually begin during which stage of life?	early childhood
This woman is the most notable American pioneer in the treatment of mental illness.	Dorothy Dix
According to this model, some people can be cured of mental illness through hypnosis.	diathesis-stress
A disorder in which a person who has suffered a highly traumatic experience repeatedly relieves it in all its terror is called ___.	post traumatic stress disorder
This is an attempt to balance our desires against the demands of the environment.	adjustment
Intellectualization is a subtle form of __.	denial
According to the US Surgeon General what percentage of deaths are directly related to human behaviors?	50
The General Adaption Syndrome was proposed by ___.	Hans Selye
The "fight or flight" response was first described and labeled by ___.	Walter Canon
This stress hormone increases blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and can trigger arrhythmias.	cortisol
This type of personality pattern is a significant predictor of coronary heart disease.	Type A
People with a type D personality produce excessive amounts of this hormone.	cortisol
Reaching out and giving to others because this gives you pleasure is known as ___.	altruism
This is typically, a person's first reaction to a natural disaster.	shock
This type of person has chosen a role in life that is in harmony with his or her inner self.	well-adjusted
This hormone reduces the effects of oxytocin	testosterone
When faced with a threatening situation, your blood pressure rises, your muscles tense and your heart rate increases. This process is called ___.	fight or flight
The most common mechanism for blocking painful feelings and memories is ___.	repression
Name the three personality structures postulated by Freud.	id, ego, superego
For Freud, material that is well below the surface of awareness and not usually accessible is called the ___.	unconscious
To Freud, this is the only personality structure that is present at birth.	id
This is the id's link to reality.	ego
Daydreaming about becoming a famous movie star, politician, or athlete is an example of this.	wish fulfillment
For Freud, this is the moral guardian of the personality.	superego
In psychoanalytic theory, this is the time when boys play with boys, girls play with girls, and they don't have much interest in the opposite sex.	latency
Unconditional postive regard was most important to which theorist?	Carl Rogers
Carl Jung stressed these qualities of people.	spiritual
Jung believed that psychic development comes to fruition during this stage of life.	middle age
Who said compensation is the individual's attempt to overcome physical weaknesses?	Adler
This theorist stated that anxiety is a stronger motivating force than is sex.	Karen Horney
This theorist stresses the quality of the parent-child relationship in personality development.	Erik Erikson
In psychoanalytic theory, another name for the sexual instinct is ___.	libido
Erikson outlines ___ stages of human development.	8
This is the term for the period of development from conception to birth.	prenatal
From the third month after conception until birth, the developing organism is known as the ___.	fetus
The organ by which an embryo or fetus is attached to it's mother's uterus and which nourishes it during prenatal development is the ___.	placenta
These are the toxic agents that can cross through the placenta and compromise an unborn child's development.	teratogens
A newborn baby is called a ___.	neonate
In women, the amount of estrogen produced by the ovaries drops sharply around age ___.	45
Fear of death is likely to be MOST prominent during which stage of life?	middle age
Current estimates indicate that aobut this percentage of people over age 65 suffer from Alzheimer's disease.	10
Current estimates indicate that aobut this percentage of people over age 85 suffer from Alzheimer's disease.	50
This according to Levinson, is theprocess whereby adults assess the past and formulate new goals for the future.	midlife transition
According to Erikson, a 24 year old's main task is to develop a sense of ___.	intimacy
The suicide rate among adolescents has increase by this percentage since 1950.	600
Age-mates who provide a supportive network for the adolescent are called the ___.	peer group
Salmon swimming upstream to spawn are an example of ___.	instinct
This is the name of the state of tension created by biological needs.	drive
This type of drive is based on a physiological state.	primary
A person who climbs a mountain "because it is there" is responding to this type of motivation.	intrinsic
This theorist proposed a hierarchy of motives.	Maslow
This part of the brain is important in reducing the feeling of hunger.	saiety center
This hormone is secreted by the pancreas and keeps the glucose levels in balance.	grehlin
The brain measures satiety by measuring the level of this in the blood.	glucose
This refers to an excess of body fat in relation to lean body mass.	obesity
This is a state of tensio created by biological needs.	drive
This theory maintains that emotion is caused by the interaction of physiological processes and interpretation or perceptions of the situation.	cognitive therapy
A specific need or desire that arouses an organism and directs its behavior toward a goal is known as a(n) ___.	motive
This is the term used for the experience of feelings.	emotion
Inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behavior that is characteristic of an entire species is called a(n) ___.	instinct
Kim's BMI is 20.5. According to current standards, she is in what weight category?	normal
This is the process whereby we acquire and apply information.	cognition
These are the three most important building blocks of thought.	language, images, concepts
These are the basic sound units of any language.	phonemes
this man is the originator of the linguistic relativity hypothesis.	Whorf
Thurstone proposed this many distinct mental abilities.	7
This man proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence.	Sternberg
Gardner and his associates are known for proposing this theory of intelligence.	theory of multiple intelligence
Daniel Goleman proposed this theory.	emotional intelligence
Alfred Binet designed the first ___ test.	intelligence
Terman introduced this concept.	IQ
The individual test most often given to adults is the ___.	WAIS III
The ability of a test to produce consistent and stable scores is its ___.	reliability
A test that actually measures what it sets out to measure is said to be ___.	valid
If an IQ test correlates positively with school performance, it gains in ___.	criterion-related validity
What can be said of IQ scores in the recent years?	gone up
These receive sensory information from the outside world.	sensory register
The process of selective looking, listening, smelling, and feeling is called ___.	attention
Sitting in a very noisy restaurant, you are able to screen out all the other conversations and listen only to the person across from you. This is called ___.	cocktail party phenomenon
Working memory is also known as ___.	short term memory
Organizing information onto meaningful units is known as ___.	chunking
This is how we encode verbal information in short-term memory.	phonologically
This is the most effective device for remembering something for a couple of minutes.	rote rehearsal
The prtion of memory that is more or less permanent and corresponds with everything we know is called ___.	long term memory
Material in STM is transferred to LTM through this process.	elaborate rehearsal
This is a term used for learned techniques used to improve memory.	mneumonics
This is a set of beliefs of expectations about something based on past experience.	schema
The prtion of long-term memory that stores general facts and information is called ___.	semantic
Remembering how to tie your shoes is an example of this type of memory.	procedural
Suddenly thinking of a friend's name without knowing why is an example of ___.	implicit
That frustrating feeling of knowing a word and not being able to immediately recall it is referred to as ___.	tip of the tongue
This is the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent behavior or potential behavior.	learning
This name is most closely associated with classical conditioning.	Pavlov
Pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, dogs were trained to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, what would we call the meat?	UR
A stimulus that invariably causes an organism to respond in a certain way is called theis.	US
A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is called what?	UR
Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. What would the conditioned stimulus be?	open door
Many children learn to fear lightning because it is often paired with loud thunder (most sudden, loud sounds are naturally frightening). In this case, lighning is the ___, thunder is the ___, and fear is the ___.	CS, US, UR
One of the best known examples of classical conditioning, the Little Albert study, was conducted by this man.	Watson
This psychologist is most closely associated with the concept of preparedness.	Seligman
This type of reinforcer adds something rewarding to a situation.	positive
This type of reinforcer removes something unpleasant from a situation.	negative
Learning a postive behavior that prevents an undesirable situation from occurring is referred to as what kind of training?	avoidance training
This person is most closely associated with research on learned helplessness.	Seligman
Biofeedback is an application of this type of conditioning.	operant
Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to one you have already learned to react to is called ___.	stimulus generalization
Our awareness of various mental processes such as making decisions, daydreaming, reflecting, and concentrating is called ___.	consciousness
This is the mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking conscioiusness.	altered states of consciousness
We spend about one-___ of our lives asleep.	third
This hormone reaches peak levels in the body at night inducing sleep.	melatonin
Paradoxical sleep refers to this stage of sleep.	REM
Most episodes of sleepwalking a sleep talking occur during this stage of sleep.	4
This is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulties in breathing while asleep.	apnea
This theorist called dreams, "the royal road to the unconscious."	Freud
This drug is America's #1 drug problem.	alcohol
This drug was originally introduced as a cure for morphine addiction.	heroin
Caffeine belongs to a class of drugs known as this.	xanthine stimulants
Crack is a crystallized form of this drug.	cocaine
Mescaline, peyote, and psilocybin all belong to this class of drugs.	hallocinogen
Aen, TM, and Sufi are all form of this.	meditation
Hypnosis first came to general attention through demonstrations by this man.	Anton Mesmer
This sense is often considered the "dispensable" sense, the one we could most easily live without.	smell
This is another name for something occurring below our level of awareness.	subliminal
This is where light first enters the eye.	cornea
This is the opening in the center of the iris.	pupil
The inner lining on the back of the eyeball containing receptor cells which are sensitive to light is called the ___.	retina
Rods and ocnes are found in this part of the eye.	retina
These cells in the retina are primarily responsible for night vision as opposed to day vision.	rods
This is where the optic nerve fibers cross over on their way to the brain.	optic chiasm
This is another name for the colors we see in a box of crayons or paints.	hue
Red, green, and blue are known as the ___ colors.	primary
Combining all of the colors of the spectrum results in ___.	white light
This theory states that the eye contains three pairs of color receptors (red-green, yellow-blue, and black-white).	opponent process
This psychological experience created by the brain in response to changes in air pressure that are perceived in the auditory system is known as ___.	sound
The place theory and the frequency theory attempt to explain ___.	pitch descrimination
Clues to sound localization that require the use of one ear are called ___ cues.	monaural
The part of a neuron that picks up incoming messages from other neurons.	dendrite
This provides insulation for a neuron as well as aiding in increasing the speed of which signals are transmitted.	myelin sheath
These cells hold neurons in place, provide nourishment, and remove waste products from the nervous system.	glial cells
This part of the neuron carries messages to nearby neurons or to muscles and glands.	axon
This is the state of a neuron when there are more negatively charged ions inside the cell wall as opposed to positively charged ions.	resting potential
This term refers to the ability of the brain to change in response to experience.	plasticity
A term used to mean that the adult brain is capable of producing new brain cells.	neurogenesis
Diabetes is caused by this gland not producing enough insulin.	pancreas
The gland primarily responsible for producing the growth hormones.	pituitary
Another name for the sex glands.	gonads
This neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite.	serotonin
This type of brain scan uses a magnetic field and a computer to give researchers a detailed look at the structure of the brain.	MRI
A thick band of nerve fibers connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres.	corpus callosum
This area of the brain involved in the production of speech.	Broca's area
The full complement of genes within a human cell.	human genome
A testable prediction about a phenomenon, usually derived from a theory is called a ___.	hypothesis
A scientist solving problems by collecting data through careful systematic observation, developing theories, making predictions based on those theories, and systematically testing those predictions is using this method of research.	scientific method
The history of psychology can be divided into this many stages.	3
At the beginning of the 20th century, most university psychology programs were located in those departments in colleges and universities.	philosophy
The first psychology laboratory was founded by this man.	Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt's primary experimental interst was in this area.	selective attention
Wundt used this term to describe his view of psychology.	voluntarism
Who believed that "free will" was largely an illusion.	Freud
What technique is a therapist using if he has you lie on a couch and describe your dreams, and say whatever comes into your mind.	free association
These animals were involved in Pavlov's famous conditioning experiments.	dogs
This theorist believed that an infant is essentially a tabula rasa.	Watson
In Watson's famous experiments with Little Albert, he taught Albert to fear this animal.	white rat
The graduate student of Watson's who successfully reconditioned a boy who showed a fear of rabbits by presenting the rabbit at a great distance and gradually bringing it closer, was ___.	Mary Jones
BF Skinner is associated with this branch of psychology.	behaviorism
Abraham Maslow is most closely associated with this branch of psychology.	humanistic

Created by: mittymac

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