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AP GoPo Cases #2
court cases to know for the AP US Govt. exam
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| Near v. Minnesota (1931) | Declares “prior restraint” (censorship) unconstitutional; that is, governments cannot suppress or regulate speech before it is given. | freedom of press |
| Palko v. Connecticut (1937) | Provided test for determining which parts of the Bill of Rights should be nationalized – those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist | incorporation |
| Korematsu v. United States (1944) | 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause; World War II; internment; Korematsu – Japanese-American citizen; “strict scrutiny” test unconstitutional unless there is a “compelling” public interest | discrimination |
| Brown v. Board of Education 1st (1954) | School segregation unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks; overturned separate but equal; use of 14th Amendment; “Judicial Activism” of Warren Court; unanimous decision; overturned Plessy’s “separate but equal” doctrine | discrimination |
| Brown v. Board of Education 2nd (1955) | Ordered schools to desegregate “with all due and deliberate speed” | discrimination |
| Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | 4th Amendment and 14th Amendment; established the exclusionary rule in state courts (Weeks, 1914 est. federal courts); “exclusionary rule”: illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; example of Warren Court’s judicial activism | defendant's rights |
| Engel v. Vitale (1962) | Role of govt toward religion under 1st Amendment; NY State public school prayer; Establishment Clause v Free Exercise; 14th Amend.– Incorporation or Nationalization; Struck down school prayer as a violation of the Establishment Clause; Warren Court’s judi | establishment clause |
| Baker v. Carr (1962) | “Political questions”; 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause; “one man, one vote”; ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; reapportionment; example of Warren Court’s judicial activism | equal representation |
| Abbington v. Schempp (1963) | Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of the 1st Amendment’s Establishment Clause and the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause; Warren Court’s judicial activism. | establishment clause |
| Gideon v. Wainright (1963) | Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings; nationalized the 6th Amendment via the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment; example of Warren Court’s judicial activism in criminal cases | defendant's rights |
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krismckamundson
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