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What part of the outer ear is important for localization of sound in space?
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What is the resistance to the flow of energy called?
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A&P Deane III
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What part of the outer ear is important for localization of sound in space? | the Pinna of the outer ear is important for localization of sound in space. |
| What is the resistance to the flow of energy called? | Resistance to the flow of energy is called impedance. |
| The area ratio between the tympanic membrane and the oval window provides a ___ dB gain, and the lever advantage gives a ___ dB gain. | The area ratio between the tympanic membrane and the oval window provides a 25 dB gain and the lever advantage gives a 2 dB gain |
| The cochlea performs what 2 types of analysis? | The cochlea performs both spectral analysis and temporal analysis |
| Compression in the fluid of the scala vestibuli is translated directly to the basilar membrane, and the disturbance at the basilar membrane causes the initiation of ____ wave. | Compression in the fluid of the scala vestibuli is translated directly to the basilar membrane, and the disturbance at the basilar membrane causes the initiation of a traveling wave. |
| High frequency sounds are resolved at the base of the cochlea, with progressively lower sounds processed at progressively higher positions on the cochlea. This array is called ____. | High-frequency sounds are resolved at the base of the cochlea, w/ progressively lower sounds processed at progressively higher positions in the cochlea. This array is called tonotopic. |
| The frequency analysis ability of the basilar membrane is determined by graded ___, ___, & ___. | The frequency analysis ability of the basilar membrane is determined by graded width, stiffness, and thickness. |
| At the apex, is the basilar membrane is thinner or thicker than at the base? | At the apex, the basilar membrane is thicker than at the base. |
| At the apex, the basilar membrane is wider or narrower than at the base? | At the apex, the basilar membrane is wider than at the base. |
| Are the cilia of the outer hair cells embedded in the tectorial membrane? | The OHC are NOT embedded in the tectorial membrane. They are embedded in the basilar membrane. |
| Are the cilia of the inner hair cells embedded in the tectorial membrane? | The cilia of the IHC ARE embedded in the tectorial membrane. |
| What kind of neurons require a higher intensity & encompass the higher end of our auditory range of signal intensity? | High Threshold neurons require a higher intensity and encompass the higher end of our auditory range of signal intensity. |
| What kind of neurons respond at very low signal levels and display random firing even when there is no stimulus? | Low-Threshold neurons respond at very low signal levels and display random firing even when there is no stimulus. |
| What refers to the ability of the cochlea to differentiate spectral components of a signal? | Frequency Specificity refers to the ability of the cochlea to differentiate spectral components of a signal. |
| What frequency of a neuron is the frequency to which it responds best? | The characteristic frequency of a neuron is the frequency to which it responds best. |
| Tuning curves are composites of the responses of a single fiber at each frequency of presentation. The sharper the tuning curve is, the greater the ___ of the basilar membrane. | The sharper the tuning curve is, the greater is the Frequency Specificity of the basilar membrane. |
| Rate of firing of neurons increases as ___ increases. | Rate of firing neurons increases as the intensity increases |
| Stimulation of the ___ bundle and the ___ bundle reduces the firing rate of neurons innervated by them. | Stimulation of the crossed-olivocohlear bundle and the uncrossed-olivocochlear bundle reduces the firing rate of neurons innervated by them. |
| What is a conduit for sound reaching the tympanic membrane? | external auditory meatus |
| What is a conduit for the VIII nerve fibers coursing to the brainstem? | internal auditory meatus |
| How many layers of tissue is the tympanic membrane made up of ? | 3 |
| The outer layer of the tympanic membrane is continuous with the ___. | The outer layer of the TM is continuous with the Epithelium of External Auditory Meatus |
| The ___ layer of the tympanic membrane is made up primarily radiating fibers. | The intermediate layer of the tympanic membrane is made up primarily of radiating fibers. |
| The ___ is a landmark produced by the most distal part of the manubrium malli. | The umbo is a landmark produced by the most distal part of the manubrium malli |
| Which bone is directly attached to the tympanic membrane? | malleus bone |
| Which bone directly communicates with the oval window? | stapes bone |
| The ___ of the malleus attaches to the tympanic membrane. | manubrium |
| What part of the stapes articulates with the oval window? | footplate |
| Which muscle pulls the stapes posteriorly? | stapedius muscle |
| Which muscle pulls the malleus anteromedially? | tensor tympani muscle |
| What is the entry to the cochlea and the vestibular system called? | the vestibule |
| What is the system of cavities within bone that houses the membranous labyrinth called? | The osseous labyrinth is the system of cavities within bone that houses the membranous labyrinth. |
| The scala ___ and scala ___ are incomplete spaces in the osseous labrynth. | The scala vestibuli and scala tympani are incomplete spaces in the osseous labyrinth. |
| Which window provides communication between the scala tympani and the middle ear? | The round window provides communication between the scala tympani and the middle ear. |
| Which window permits communication between the scala vestibuli and the middle ear space? | The oval window permits communication between the scala vestibuli and the middle ear space. |
| The ___ is a fluid filled sac attached to the walls of the osseous labyrinth and is filled with endolymph. | The membranous labyrinth is a fluid filled sac attached to the walls of the osseous labyrinth an dis filled with endolymph. |
| The ___ membrane separates the scala vestibuli and the scala media; the ___ membrane separates the scala media from the scala tympani. | Reissner's membrane separates the scala vestibuli and the scala media; the Basilar membrane separates the scala media from the scala tympani. |
| How many rows of outer hair cells and how many rows of inner hair cells are there? | 3 rows of OHC and 1 row of IHC |
| The hair cells are innervated by which CN? | CN VII vestibulocochlear nerve |
| What causes the ossicles to become disarticulated? | head trauma that involves the temporal bone, noise, or high pressure trauma |
| What separates the OHC from the IHC? | The Tunnel of Corti separates the OHC and IHC |
Created by:
MPJ