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ExistentialismHamlet
Existentialism-Hamlet for Mrs. Mettlach's class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Whom does Polonius send to France to spy on Laertes? | Reynaldo |
| Where does the ghost appear during the play? | The castle ramparts and Gertrude's bedchamber |
| How did Claudius murder King Hamlet? | By pouring poison into his ear |
| Where is the university at which Horatio and Hamlet studied? | Wittenberg |
| Whose skull does Hamlet discover in the churchyard? | the former court jester's |
| Which character cannot see the ghost in Act 3 Scene 4? | Gertrude |
| Who escorts Hamlet on the voyage to England? | Rosencrantz & Guildenstern |
| Where do Hamlet and Laertes fight during Ophelia's funeral? | inside the grave itself |
| Who survives: Fortinbras, Horatio, Osric, Prince Hamlet, Polonius, Gertrude, Claudius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Ophelia, Laertes, and/or King Hamlet | Fortinbras, Horatio, and Osric |
| What does Hamlet claim to be able to tell the difference between when the wind is from the south? | a hawk and a handsaw |
| In whose history of Denmark did Shakespeare find background material for his play? | Saxo Grammaticus |
| How does Ophelia die? | she drowns in the river |
| Whose story does Hamlet ask the players to tell upon their arrival to Elsinore? | Priam and Hecuba's |
| Why, according to Polonius, has Hamlet gone mad? | he is in love with Ophelia |
| Who is the last character to die in the play? | Hamlet |
| How many characters die during the course of the play? | 8 |
| Who speaks the famous "To be, or not to be" soliloquy? | Hamlet |
| In what country do Rosencrantz & Guildenstern die? | England |
| Why does Hamlet decide not to kill Claudius after the traveling players' play? | Claudius is praying |
| Who killed Fortinbras's father? | Hamlet's father |
| Which character speaks the 1st line of the play? | Bernardo |
| In which year was Hamlet most likely written | 1601 |
| Which of Claudius & Laertes' traps for Hamlet succeeds in killing him? | the poisoned sword |
| Which character speaks from beneath the stage toward the end of Act I? | the ghost |
| Who returns Hamlet to Denmark after his exile? | a group of pirates |
| Who gets the last say in the play? | Fortinbras |
| Who wrote "A Primer of Existentialism" ? | Gordon E. Bigelow |
| Who wrote "Richard Corey" ? | E.A. Robinson |
| Who wrote "A Clean Well-Lighted Place" ? | Ernest Hemingway |
| Who wrote "Eveline" ? | James Joyce |
| Who wrote "A&P" ? | John Updike |
| Who wrote "The Bucket Rider" ? | Franz Kafka |
| Who wrote "Hamlet"? | William Shakespeare |
| Existentialism is a loose term for what? | the reaction, led by Kierkegaard, against the abstract rationalism of Hegel's philosophy |
| What are the two main groups of existentialism? | godly & ungodly |
| Who laid the groundwork for Existentialism | Soren Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, & Karl Jaspers |
| "existance preceedes essence" is | a rejection of the Platonic idea that there is the "ideal" human (humans have no model, blueprint, no ideal essence) |
| humans have free will means | we are constantly faced with choices & we can't escape that (not making a decision is a decision) |
| we must forge our own values and meaning of existance because | we live in an otherwise meaningless or absurd world |
| humanism | the view that people are capable of free choice, self-fulfillment, & ethical behavior; a code of right & wrong |
| how is existentialism different from humanism | existentialism says people are completely free & responsible for his or her own behavior |
| 6 themes of godly existentialism | existence before essence, reason is impotent, alienation and estrangement, "fear & trembling," or anxiet, the encounter with nothingness, & freedom |
| existence before essence | we discover what it means to be human only by existing; there is no essence, only existing |
| which theme: is ungraspable, we can't understand it; our minds & our intentionality impose form upon the object(material world) distorting reality; "the heart has its reasons which reason cannot know" | reason is impotent to deal with all aspects of life |
| which theme: growing dependence on reason & science has separated us from God, nature, men, & true self | alienation & estrangement |
| general dread | anxiety |
| which theme: technology ahs developed the ability to blow the world up; some relies on a loss of reliance on God; are we ever going to get it right? | "fear & trembling" anxiety |
| which theme: with the loss of God, nature, people & self the world is left void of meaning, order, purpose, & love; existential crisis is often a test of a preson & the courage she or he maintains | the encounter with nothingness |
| you are free to make your own choices; choose what gives you meaning | freedom |
| existential protagonists | often lonely, anxiety ridden characters who are trying to make sense of their lives |
| existentialism summary | the world is meaningless; the universe cares nothing for those things we call beautiful or good |
| what is Hamlet's existential crisis? | "To be or not to be: that is the question:" |
| ungoldy writers (examples) | Sartre, Camus, & Simone de Beauvoir |
| godly writers (examples) | Kierkegaard, Marcel & Maritain (Catholic), Tillich & Berdyaev (Protestant), & Buber (Jewish) |
| the world is inherently ____________ | meaningless |
| godly existentialists say that | nothingness is God's call to action |
| ungodly existentialists say that | nothing is a realization you have to decide how you handle |
| where was Frank going to take Eveline | Buenos Ayres |
| What does Horatio suggest by his discussion of Julius Caesar's death (Act1Scene1) | Julius was betrayed |
| Horatio's pagan discussion of the crowing of the cock | crow awakes the god of day & sends the night ones (& ghosts) away |
| Marcellus' Christian discussion of the crowing of the cock | Christmas is such a holy day that they scare away ghosts (ghosts could be evil then) (aka no evil allowed); Jesus was denied 3 times before the cock crowed |
| What is Horatio's initial response to the story of the ghost? | he doesn't believe it (he's too ratioal & known for being rational) |
| About how much time has passed between Act 1 & Act 2? Why? | between 4-6 weeks; Hamlet has to be able to keep up the facade of him being mad but the diplomats are back from Norway, Laerteus is back at school, & Rose-&Guild- have traveled from Wittenberg to Denmark |
| What does spying on his son tell us about Polonius? | he's controlling, untrusting, willing to give up his son's reputation for information |
| Why is Ophelia so upset when she enters in Act 2 Scene 1? | Hamlet just appeared crazed/mad to her |
| Does Hamlet's maddness come as a surprise after what he said in Act 1 to his friends? | no because he told his friends "don't worry if I go crazy & play along with it" |
| Why did Rose- & Guild- go to court in Act 2 Scene 2? | they were called by Cladius and Gertrude to talk to Hamlet and find out why he's sad |
| WHat is Rose- & Guild-'s relation to Hamlet? | school friends |
| What is the difference between Polonius using a spy and Cladius using Rose- & Guild-? | Reynaldo is told what to say & how to act, Rose-& Guild- aren't |
| How does Hamlet behave initially with Rose- & Guild-? | happily with sexual jokes (shows sanity) |
| How does Hamlet act once he realizes Rose- & Guild- were sent by his parents? | Hamlet acts more mad/more serious |
| How does Hamlet use the world and the view of "man" | man could be great, but to me (Hamlet) we seem worthless |
| Why are the players traveling & what has been going on in the city? | kid actors are becoming popular |
| What is the significance of Hamlet's referring to Polonius as Jephthah? | telling him don't be quick to promise b/c Jephthah sacraficed his daughter b/c he made a hasty promise |
| Why can't the First Player finish the speech in Act 2 Scene 2? | b/c Polonius keeps interupting |
| What play does Hamlet want the players to play? | The Murder of Gonzago |
| What does Hamlet want to add to the play? | a scene mimicing the death of King Hamlet |
| How does Shakespeare use the player's response to show how different Hamlet's position is? | Hamlet isn't emotional while the actor can pull up emotion for a fake circumstance |
| Why hasn't Hamlet acted on the ghost's request in Act 2 Scene 2? | he's still not sure if the ghost is real or good |
| Why does Hamlet need the play? | to see if the ghost is right or not; incriminate Cladius |
| What does Hamlet putting a scene in the play show? | Hamlet is still trying to manipulate the situation & reason through the situation(find meaning) |
| Why is the grave digger surprised Ophelia is given a Christian funeral? | because they believe she committed suicide & those who committed suicide weren't given Christian funerals |
| Act 3 Scene 1: How much have Rose- & Guild- learned from/about Hamlet? | he's very sad, but they don't know why |
| What does Polonius give Ophelia to read during the planned meeting between Hamlet and Ophelia (Act 3 Scene1)? | a prayer book |
| What is Claudius' response to Polonius' idea for giving Ophelia to hide the arranged meeting? | many people hide their sins (crimes) with religion/pretending to be holy |
| Why does Hamlet say he especially likes Horatio (Act 3 Scene 2)? | he's such a true friend, rational & not ruled by passion |
| in Act 4 Scene 2 what do Rose- & Guild- learn from Hamlet? | that Hamlet hid Polonius' body & Hamlet hates Cladius |
| Why does Claudius believe he can't simply arrest Hamlet? | the people like Hamlet |
| Is Hamlet going to Englad as a prisoner or in the guise of a royal representative? | guise of a royal representative |
| Why is Fortinbras' army passing through Denmark? | to fight with Poland over a small piece of land |
| Where is Hamlet going when he meets the Captain? | to board the ship to England |
| What do we learn about the state of Gertrude's soul (Act 4 Scene 5)/how does she respond to Hamlet's accusations? | she is in torment & can no longer pretend to be happy |
| The court assumes Ophelia's madness is caused by her father's death. Judging from her songs, are there other reasons? | Hamlet & their intimacy; Hamlet hurt her; Ophelia feels used by Hamlet |
| Who does Laertes' blame initially for his father's death? | Cladius |
| Who brings Hamlet's letter (of the pirates) to Horatio? | a sailor |
| What happened to Hamlet on his way to England? | he was chased, captured, & taken aboard a pirate ship (Shows Hamlet can defend himself) |
| What would Laertes do to get revenge? (Act 4 Scene 7) | cut off Hamlet's head in church (Laertes kills in church, Hamlet doesn't (impulsive vs thinking/reason))Claudius responds calling Laertes a good son |
| How many tricks and poisons does it take (according to Claudius and Laertes) to kill Hamlet? | 3 tricks; 2 poisons; non blunt sword, poison cup, & poison sword |
| What does Claudius fear will happen when Laertes finds out about Ophelia? | he's afraid Laertes will rage & go violent again |
| What is significant about Hamlet calling himself "Hamlet the Dane" | he's finally thinking of himself as king (finally tieing himself to his country instead of thinking it a prison) |
| What is Hamlet's reaction to the idea of the match? | Let it be: Hamlet's epiphany; let things take their course; @ peace w/ the world |
| How does Laertes respond when Hamlet asks for forgiveness? | Laertes forgives him but says he needs to get revenge still to be a good son |
| How does Claudius die? | by a sword wound, drinking the poison cup, & the poison sword |
| How much do the people at the court know at the end of the play? | don't know much, they only know what Horatio tells Fortinbras & Fortinbras will tell the people later |
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