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Hacker7Final
Mrs Hacker's 7 Final Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which layer of rock comprises 67% of Earth's mass? | mantle |
| Which layer is the thin, solid outermost layer above the mantle? | Crust |
| Which layer is a rigid layer made up of crust and upper mantle? | Lithosphere |
| Which layer is made of solid rock that slowly flows? | Asthenosphere |
| Which layer is the lower part of the mantle? | Mesosphere |
| What is a measurement of how likely an area is to have damaging earthquakes? | Earthquake hazard |
| What is a process of making older structure more earthquake resistant? | Retrofitting |
| What is a weight placed in the roof of a building to counteract building movement? | Mass damper |
| What is a weight located at the bottom of a building to help offset building movement? | Active tendon system |
| What is something that acts like a shock absorber for a building during an earthquake? | Base isolator |
| What is something that helps keep water and gas lines from breaking in an earthquake? | Flexible pipe |
| What is an area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past? | Seismic gap |
| What is a hypothesis that is based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time? | Gap hypothesis |
| Another name for molten rock? | Magma |
| What is a crack or opening in the Earth's crust? | Vent |
| What is a landform caused by repeated eruptions of lava? | Volcano |
| What is dust-sized particles of hardened lava? | Ash |
| What is magma that is blasted into the air and hardens? | Pyroclastic material |
| What is magma that flows on the Earth's surface? | Lava |
| What is a set of deep cracks between tectonic plates? | Rift zone |
| What are columns of rising magma? | Mantle plumes |
| This is where tectonic plates collide? | Convergent boundary |
| Underwater volcanoes and mountains are _______________________ ? | Mid-ocean ridges |
| This is where tectonic plates separate. | Divergent boundary |
| What is the name for a volcanically active area that is not near a tectonic plate boundary? | Hot spot |
| The liquid layer of the Earth's core is called? | Outer core |
| A __________________ fault occurs because of tension. | normal |
| Mountains that have sharp, jagged peaks can be caused by which type of force? | tension |
| A boundary is the area between two ____________________ plates. | tectonic |
| Sea floor spreading, the fossil record, and _____________________ are all evidence of continental drift | magnetic reversals |
| True or false? Oceanic plate theory provides evidence for continental drift? | False |
| Which element comprises the majority of the core? | Iron |
| Thermal energy cause changes in the density of the ____________________________ . | Asthenosphere |
| A magnetic reversal is when the Earth's ____________________ change places? | magnetic poles |
| This theory explains why continents move. The theory of _____________________ . | Continental drift |
| Which is denser, the mantle or the crust? | mantle |
| This element is present in larger quantities in the mantle than in the crust. | magnesium |
| Sea floor spreading occurs at ______________________ . | Mid-ocean ridges. |
| This is a set of deep cracks that form between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other. | Rift zones |
| Which volcano has steep slopes, but isn't very tall and is made of only pyroclastic material? | Cinder cone |
| Which volcano has a broad base and looks like a warrior's shield? | shield volcano |
| Which volcano is also referred to as a stratovolcano? | Composite volcano |
| Which lava erupts under the water? | Pillow lava |
| Darkened skies can be expected after a non-explosive or an explosive volcano? | Explosive volcano |
| Which volcano is made of explosive and non-explosive eruptions? | Composite volcano |
| Most active volcanoes form where ____________________________ ? | tectonic plates collide |
| When volcanoes form far from tectonic plate boundaries, we term these areas ________________ . | Hot spots |
| Magma that blasts into the air and hardens is called ________________ . | Pyroclastic material |
| This instrument helps measures changes in a volcano's slope. | Tiltmeter |
| A large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a ______________ . | caldera |
| The volcanoes of Hawaii were formed over ________________ . | Hot spots |
| An explosive eruption is caused by magma that has low or high water content? | high |
| What term describes the way lava flows? | Viscosity |
| Why does the oceanic plate usually subduct under the contintal plate? | The oceanic crust is denser. |
| __________________ activity is common along the Mid-Athlantic Ridge. | Volcanic |
| The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a _________________ boundary. | divergent |
| What can detect if an area of a volcano is getting hotter? | Infrared images |
| What would cause an area of a volcano to get hotter? | Rising magma |
| Mt. St. Helen's is a _________________________ volcano. | Composite |
| Deep in the crust and the mantle, temperatures are high and pressures are ______________________ . | high |
| What is the term for the amount of force per unit area on a given material? | Stress |
| Earthquakes are caused by _________________ deformation. | Elastic |
| Which kind of seismic waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases? | Primary |
| Normal faults, reverse faults, and __________________________ faults are fault that lead to earthquakes. | Strike-slip |
| A ____________________________ helps determine when an earthquake started. | Seismogram |
| What determines an earthquake's strength? | Richter-Magnitude Scale |
| Which describes how an earthquake impacts people? | Intensity |
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mrshackersstudystack
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