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Types of antiemetics
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RN Pharm review
RN NCLEX PHARM REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antiemetics | An antiemetic is a medication used in the treatment and/or prevention of nausea and vomiting. Dolasetron (Anzemet) Granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso) Ondansetron (Zofran) Tropisetron (Navoban) TRON to the rescue *most antiemetics can cause sedation* |
| Types of antiemetics | Dolasetron (Anzemet) Granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso) Ondansetron (Zofran) Tropisetron (Navoban) TRON to the rescue romethazine (Phenergan) prochlorperazine (Compazine) Metoclopramide (Reglan). WATCH FOR EPS |
| antiemetic side effects and facts | most antiemetics can cause sedation so watch out for additive effect if given with narcotic analgesics and protect your client from injury. |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) | PPIs decrease stomach acid by inhibiting those gastric proton pumps that make the acid – they stop the acid at the pump! |
| Types of PPI's | Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid, Omepral, Omez) Lansoprazole (Prevacid, Zoton, Inhibitol) Dexlansoprazole (Kapidex, Dexilant) Esomeprazole (Nexium, Esotrex) Pantoprazole (Protonix, Somac, Pantozol, Zentro) |
| PPI side effects and facts | Think of a pump in your stomach just churning out the acid – ‘Zole’ is the nice guy who shuts off the pump. ‘Zole’ is very friendly (well-tolerated by most clients) but can cause vitamin B-12 deficiency with long-term use. |
| Erectile Dysfunction Agents | Erectile dysfunction (ED) meds act by increasing nitric oxide which opens and relaxes the blood vessels of the penis causing increased blood flow (helping lead to getting and keeping an erection). |
| types of erectile dysfunction agents | Sildenafil (Viagra) Vardenafil (Levitra) Tadalafil (Cialis) I'D LIKE YOU TO MEET 'FIL' |
| ED side effects and facts | While ‘Fil’ is a great guy(well-tolerated by most) side effects(with Levitra):HA, flushing, back pain (with Viagra)temporary vision changes, including "blue vision" Men who have heart problems, uncontrolled BP, HX of CVA, CANT HANG WITH FIL |
| Antianemics | There are many causes of anemia and the antianemic prescribed will be based upon the cause. With iron deficiency anemia, iron supplements are commonly prescribed. Beware though - Iron is ‘heavy’ stuff and shouldn’t be taken ‘lightly’! |
| Iron supplement warnings | Iron can cause teeth staining (liquid form). Teach clients to dilute liquid iron with water or juice, use a straw, rinse mouth after. Iron can cause staining of skin with IM. If IM route must be used, give IM doses deep Z track technique. |
| Iron supplement drug interactions | coadministration of antacids or tetracyclines reduces absorption of iron. Separate use by at least 2 hr. Vitamin C increases absorption, but also increases GI complications. Avoid vitamin C intake |
| Iron supplement intake instructions | space doses equally throughout day to most efficiently increase RBC PROD anticipate a harmless dark green or black color of stool. increase H2O and fiber intake and to exercise foods high in iron (liver, egg yolks, muscle meats, yeast). |
| Statins | used to tx primary hypercholesterolemia, for prevention of coronary events (primary and secondary), for protection against MI and stroke for clients with diabetes, and to help increase HDL levels in clients with primary hypercholesterolemia. |
| Types of statins | Atorvastatin(Lipitor)Simvastatin(Zocor) Lovastatin(Mevacor)Pravastatin (Pravachol) Rosuvastatin (Crestor) Remember LDL is ‘bad’and HDL is ‘good’(HDL helps keep the ’bad’ cholesterol from building up.) you want low LDL & high HDL Fluvastatin (Lescol) |
| Statin warnings and facts | protect the liver and muscles 'stat': risk of hepatotoxicity. obtain baseline LFT'S & monitor LFT'S after 12 weeks & 6 months. There is also a risk of myopathy and peripheral neuropathy. report muscle weakness/aches/pain/tingling and tenderness. |
| Anticoagulants | Anticoagulants prevent the formation of blood clots by interfering with the clotting cascade, thus preventing coagulation. The use of this is contraindicated with active bleeding, such as with bleeding disorders, ulcers, or hemorrhagic brain injuries. |
| anticoagulant HEPARINE | Heparin administered IV or SQ. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)has a longer half-life. administered via SUBQ Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin. Administer heparin with MI or DVT. Risk for bleeding Instruct clients to avoid corticosteroid use, oral h |
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